Perch fisherman in the Great Lakes yellow perch industry are found to use informal vertical exchange relationships which bind together fishermen and buyers through "moral obligations." These exchange arrangements while providing an assured outlet also raise substantial entry and exist barriers...

Mathematical programming models, as typically formulated for international trade applications, may contain certain implied restrictions limiting price responsiveness, intermediate product flows, and arbitrage possibilities. These restrictions are especially important in the case of dairy, and...

Genetic resources were once treated as a common heritage, available without restriction for research and other usage. The system was perceived as contributing to a rapid extinction rate and as unfair to developing countries -the major source of genetic resources. Since the Biodiversity...