This paper studies the impact of credit rating agency (CRA) announcements on the value of the Euro and the yields of French, Italian, German and Spanish long-term sovereign bonds during the culmination of the Eurozone debt crisis in 2011-2012. The employed GARCH models show that CRA downgrade...

Building on the idea that precision of credit ratings matters for the efficiency of investors' portfolio decisions, the paper analyzes the equilibrium precision of ratings. Our analysis explains why ratings are noisy, exhibit rating inflation and vary across asset classes and over the economic...

Since 2011, Morningstar has issued Morningstar Analyst Ratings on many of the largest mutual funds in the United States. In June 2017, Morningstar launched the Morningstar Quantitative Rating™ to provide a forward‐looking rating on all mutual funds. Morningstar uses a “robo‐rater”...

A rater is paid by a seller, observes a signal about the seller's product, and issues a public cheap-talk rating for potential buyers. I characterize the partition of the rater's information into ratings issued following public payments from the seller to the rater, and ratings issued when the...

In this paper, we compare the bitcoin exchange rate of the U.S. dollar against the Euro with the relevant foreign spot exchange rate and find empirical evidence of co-integration and one-way Granger-causality from the spot exchange rate to the bitcoin exchange rate. Furthermore, we find market...

Focusing on the foreign exchange reaction to macroeconomic announcements, we show that fast trading is positively and significantly correlated with the entropy of the distribution of quoted prices in reaction to news: a larger share of fast trading increases the degree of diversity of quotes in...

This paper examines the efficiency of the forward yen/dollar market using micro survey data. Conventional tests of unbiasedness do not correspond directly to the zero-profit condition. Instead, we use the survey data to calculate potential profits of individual forecasters based on a natural...

Recent academic and practitioner attention has focused on currency momentum. In this paper we replicate technical trading rules to assess their relationship with momentum. From an investment perspective, the average out-of-sample pre-transaction cost Sharpe ratio of technical trading rules is...

The first part of this paper briefly summarizes the assumptions of economic theory on the relationships between exchange rates, prices and interest rates and the same time compares these assumptions with the empirical evidence. The fact that there exist strong discrepancies, which in recent...