appropriability without patent protection, it may pay for an innovating bank to introduce a series of smaller innovations rather than … we seem to observe significant innovations activity in an industry that is generally bereft of patent protection …

largely satisfied with today's patent system while the electronics, software and Internet industries are not. This article … inventive process for pharmaceuticals. Our patent system, however, has no analogous requirement for the other fields. In them … biotech industry may be closing the gap in early-stage patenting. This article suggests two ways to improve our patent system …

create substantial tensions for the patent system to assure low-cost access to patented technologies at the back end of … technology transfer needs. This article first describes the uncertain case for relying on the patent system, the tensions that … needs, and the measures that have been proposed to limit the effect of the patent system on development of and access to …

designs over less attractive ones. It relies upon a data set that includes all design patent decisions from 1982 until 2010 in … which a court made a final determination of validity or infringement, with every design patent at issue therein classified … legal doctrine and empirical data reflect a decline in the importance of aesthetic considerations in design patent decisions …