This study is framed against the increasingly stringent environmental demands on the pulp and paper industry since the late-1980s to reduce water and air pollution, and the global economic slowdown of the early-1990s. The primary focus of this paper is an observation-based analysis conducted by...

This paper takes the spectrum approach to identify possible industrial and enterprise insolvency and goes on to conduct a composite analysis of both the potential industry insolvency spectrum and enterprise insolvency spectrum. Recently, the proportion of industries and enterprises showing signs...

This article examines the industry diversification of the 142 largest Japanese manufacturers in 1973-1998. We find that sample firms steadily increased diversification. Despite the increase, the relatedness of their business measured in three ways based on the Japanese IO table stayed...