the degree of fractionalization and polarization across ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups in the national … contributed significantly to the frequency, incidence, and onset of both overall and ethnic civil conflict over the last half …-century, accounting for a large set of geographical and institutional correlates of conflict, as well as measures of economic development …

-together with standard growth models to frame the role of religion in economic growth. Unifying a growing literature, we argue that … religion can enhance or impinge upon economic growth through all four elements because it shapes individual preferences …, societal norms, and institutions. Religion affects physical capital accumulation by influencing thrift and financial …

spatial inequality, national economic performance, and the incidence of armed conflict. By providing a theoretical rent …

contemporary economic growth. The negative effect of ethnic inequality is caused by increasing conflict and decreasing public goods …

The energy transition increases the demand for minerals from ethnically diverse, conflict-prone developing countries …. We study whether and where mining is possible in such countries without raising the risk of civil conflict. We proceed in … three steps: First, we propose a theoretical model to predict the occurrence and location of conflict events on the …

democratization, international openness, and conflict. It also reviews studies of political integration and disintegration that focus … discusses recent empirical studies that shed light on the relations among heterogeneity, conflict, and borders. This line of …

This paper studies the joint effect of fractionalization and inequality on the size of government. Within a political … fractionalization and group antagonism reduce the support for redistribution. Whereas within group inequality increases support for …