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Group-level variance estimates of zero often arise when fitting multilevel or hierarchical linear models, especially when the number of groups is small. For situations where zero variances are implausible a priori, we propose a maximum penalized likelihood approach to avoid such boundary...
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This article discusses estimation of multilevel/hierarchical linear models that include cluster-level random intercepts and random slopes. Viewing the models as structural, the random intercepts and slopes represent the effects of omitted cluster-level covariates that may be correlated with...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011099953
Investigations of the effects of schools (or teachers) on student achievement focus on either (1) individual school effects, such as value-added analyses, or (2) school-type effects, such as comparisons of charter and public schools. Controlling for school composition by including student...
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Researchers often conduct mediation analysis in order to indirectly assess the effect of a proposed cause on some … outcome through a proposed mediator. The utility of mediation analysis stems from its ability to go beyond the merely … descriptive to a more functional understanding of the relationships among variables. A necessary component of mediation is a …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009430921
In this article, I discuss a method by Erikson et al. (2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 102: 9730–9733) for decomposing a total effect in a logit model into direct and indirect effects. Moreover, I extend this method in three ways. First, in the original method the variable...
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