This paper is intended to provide an understanding of the needs of a restructured electricity market and some of the … market methods and systems that have developed to address those needs. Chapter 2 discusses the historic market framework of … restructuring. It discusses generation and transmission planning, control and the regulatory process. It also summarizes reliability …

resource planning initiatives, ongoing efforts to improve efficiency and reliability in competitive electricity markets, and …Economists have advocated for real-time pricing (RTP) of electricity on the basis of the gains in economic efficiency … that would result from charging customers the contemporaneous marginal cost of supplying electricity instead of the average …

petroleum, natural gas, and electricity, projected trends in the real prices for these fuels were examined. The spread in the … the next few decades, while electricity prices are projected to be more stable. Electricity prices will, however, remain … above those for the other two fuels. The significance of this work rests on the fact that, in market economies, prices …

Markets for renewable electricity have grown significantly in recent years, motivated in part by federal tax incentives … less widely recognized driver for renewable energy market growth is poised to also play an important role in the coming … years: utility integrated resource planning (IRP). Formal resource planning processes have re-emerged in recent years as an …

Against the backdrop of increasingly volatile natural gas prices, renewable energy resources, which by their nature are …-fired generation, renewable generation is typically sold under fixed-price contracts. Assuming that electricity consumers value long …-term price stability, a utility or other retail electricity supplier that is looking to expand its resource portfolio (or a …

substantial volatility in wholesale market prices, significant financial distress among major industry organizations, and … electricity industry. Recent industry instability also illustrates the need for thoughtful resource planning to balance the cost …Electricity markets in the United States have witnessed unprecedented instability over the last few years, with …

a result of the higher spinning reserve prices. The LIPAedge program (LIPA's demand reduction program using Carrier …. Chapter 6 offers conclusions and recommendations. …

Demand response (DR) has been broadly recognized to be an integral component of well-functioning electricity markets …), and other retail pricing mechanisms that communicate an incentive for electricity consumers to reduce their usage during … periods of high generation supply costs or system reliability contingencies. Efforts to introduce DR into retail electricity …

fossil fuel prices, environmental concerns, and policy support at the state and federal levels. In this article, we review … and discuss what are arguably the two most important types of state policies for supporting electricity generation from … geothermal and other forms of renewable energy: renewables portfolio standards and utility integrated resource planning …

market prices. Public utility commissioners are encouraged to permit utilities a free choice in signing gas contracts, but to … allow only competitive market prices to be reflected in allowable fuel costs. … relationship between supply reliability and contracts is explained in terms of the number of buyers and sellers in a market. With …