integration, even as the retailers themselves are forced to purchase electricity at volatile wholesale prices set in open markets … stability is threatened. This, then, facilitates many other problems associated with electricity markets, such as market power …Regardless of the form of restructuring, deregulated electricity industries share one common feature: the absence of …

responsive only on the supply side is only half a market. Demand response (elasticity) is necessary to gain the full economic … are not able to commit to specific responses months or years in advance. Electricity is a fluid market commodity with a … they can be made more effective in controlling summer peaks and attendant high prices of electricity. Particular attention …

to New York Independent System Operator (NYISO) day-ahead market prices. The study was funded by the California Energy … customers' satisfaction, hedging choices and price response through in-depth customer market research and a Constant Elasticity … used to judge how effectively RTP actually induces DR, particularly in the context of restructured electricity markets …

allowing higher electricity rates that may increase the rate of wind plant development. Power shortages, natural gas price …Wind is the fastest growing source for electricity in the United States. During 2001, U.S. wind power plant … market expansion is supported by a variety of Federal and state incentives in the form of production tax credits, renewable …

retailers themselves are oftenforced to purchase electricity at volatile wholesale prices set in openmarkets. This results in … many other problemsassociated with electricity markets, such as exercise of market power andprice volatility. Indeed … anysignificant, rapid demand-side response to the wholesale (or, spotmarket) price. For a variety of reasons, most electricity …

Demand response (DR) has been broadly recognized to be an integral component of well-functioning electricity markets …), and other retail pricing mechanisms that communicate an incentive for electricity consumers to reduce their usage during … periods of high generation supply costs or system reliability contingencies. Efforts to introduce DR into retail electricity …

Renewable energy certificates (RECs) represent the attributes of electricity generated from renewable energy sources …. These attributes are unbundled from the physical electricity, and the two products-the attributes embodied in the … certificates and the commodity electricity-may be sold or traded separately. RECs are quickly becoming the currency of renewable …

substantial volatility in wholesale market prices, significant financial distress among major industry organizations, and …Electricity markets in the United States have witnessed unprecedented instability over the last few years, with … electricity industry. Recent industry instability also illustrates the need for thoughtful resource planning to balance the cost …

Large-scale EE programs would modestly increase tariffs but reduce consumers' electricity bills significantly. However …, the primary benefit of EE programs is a significant reduction in power shortages, which might make these programs … electric water heaters with gas water heaters); (b) sell power conserved through the EE program to the market at a price higher …

The restructuring of regional and national electricity markets in the U.S. and around the world has been accompanied by … numerous problems, including generation capacity shortages, transmission congestion, wholesale price volatility, and reduced …. Demand Response Programs, once called Load Management, have re-emerged as an important element in the fine-tuning of newly …