markets based on wages and prices. Firms experiment with prices and employment levels to maximize their profits. We developed …This paper builds upon previous work [Sprigg and Ehlen, 2004] by introducing a bond market into a model of production …-firm economies converge toward the competitive equilibria typified by lower prices and higher output and employment, but also suffer …

's power plants to meet the demands from all customers based on the marginal cost of production. Consequent market … prices for each class. These prices can be compared to the average market-based prices to see if prices increase or decrease … enough to pay all costs and earn a reasonable return on equity. In a restructured market, where prices are based on marginal …

marginal cost of production is equivalent to the market-clearing price. Market-clearing prices are important factors for …This study presents BPA's market price forecasts for the Final Proposal, which are based on AURORA modeling. AURORA … calculates the variable cost of the marginal resource in a competitively priced energy market. In competitive market pricing, the …

March) make it possible to assess the market impact of movements in prices and supplies over the heating season as a whole … manipulation behind December's rising prices Did these, or other, factors permit suppliers to realize excessive profits What … make it possible to weigh the impact of revenue gains in December and January on overall profits over the two winter …

would see lower rates) unless they have sufficient market power to raise their prices without losing significant market … very high profits. Average prices to customers could be 5% to 25% higher than regulated rates (Figure S-1). If the coal and … market-based rates then prices are lower. (4) Customer response to real-time prices can lower the peak capacity requirements …

following simple concept, that trends in aggregate energy demand are dependent upon the factors: (1) trends in total production …, macroeconomic forecasts of individual subsector growth rates and energy prices can then be combined with endogenous forecasts of …

following simple concept, that trends in aggregate energy demand are dependent upon the factors: (1) trends in total production …, macroeconomic forecasts of individual subsector growth rates and energy prices can then be combined with endogenous forecasts of …

encompassing. In particular, the analysis does not provide data on crude oil prices in the spot market, but does provide …An analysis of the impact of the political disruption in Iran on the world oil market is presented. During the first … quarter of 1979, this disruption caused a loss of approximately 5 million barrels per day (MMBD) of oil production available …

and produce consumer cost reductions. We examine the efficiency gains from competition in the private power market, and … ask whether similar forces can be successful on the demand-side of the market. The goal of this analysis is to identify … supply-side of the industry. We consider the entire market structure from upstream suppliers to distribution intermediaries …