There are three main parts to this paper. The first concerns the adaptation of conventional demand and supply theory to explain why and when the development of substitutes occurs. The second part is a discussion of four examples of substitutes that appear to have completed their developmental...

Traditional measures of the benefits of technological change use producer prices. Consumer-oriented measures are more appropriate but they require knowledge of price impacts. They may diverge in the presence of distortions. This paper shows that in general equilibrium they are interrelated...

Failure of integrability is shown to cause path-dependence of willingness-to-pay measures of welfare change. Using the linear expenditure system, effects of failure of integrability are negligible (substantial) for estimating income (price) elasticities. For single price changes, Hausman's...

Taiwan's retail and farm prices were examined for unit roots at various seasonal frequencies. The results show that no unit roots exist at any seasonal frequency. Additionally, a unit root exists at the zero frequency in marketing margins, reflecting that retail and farm prices are not...

We study the influence of prices and non-price conservation programs on water consumption and conservation behavior during a drought in the San Francisco Bay Area. The empirical results show that pricing can be effective in reducing water consumption. Use restrictions and landscaping audits are...

A complete US poultry meat export demand system is estimated. A gradually switching dynamic advertising AIDS model is assessed to evaluate the effectiveness of non-price export promotions for US poultry meat products in major targeted international markets. The export demand elasticities are...

This session investigates the impact of economic, social, and demographic factors as well as the food stamp program on the demand for food items. Papers include: Dairy Expenditures and the Changing Racial Composition of the United States, Donald McDowell, North Carolina A&T State University;...

We hypothesize that imperfect quality measurement in contracts for fresh fruits and vegetables results in a moral-hazard problem, and that the final price of the produce provides additional information regarding quality. As a consequence, growers are not shielded from all price risk. This...

In the estimation of aggregate meat demand systems, weak separability is often a maintained assumption. However, only a few studies have tested and failed to reject this assumption. Recently, Lewbel (1996) developed a generalized composite commodity theorem (GCCT) that is less restrictive than...