Regarding the CFSP/ESDP domain, the Lisbon Treaty includes practically the same provisions as the ill-fated EU Constitutional Treaty: its key elements, in fact, have been preserved, a few terminological details and “interpretative” declarations apart.

In recent years the European Union has become increasingly aware of its security and defence environment as it has taken on a growing international profile such as in relation to negotiations with Iran or in regional crisis management operations from the Balkans, Indonesia to the Democratic...

EU Member States are committed to the maintenance of a strong Defence Technological Industrial Base (DTIB) in Europe. At a meeting of the European Defence Agency (EDA) Steering Board in May 2007 Ministers declared that "a strong DTIB is a fundamental underpinning of the European Security and...

The further development of ESDP implies that the EU must acquire the necessary capacity and capabilities to pursue the policy successfully. At the strategic level, this means being able independently to assess a crisis and consider its potential military implications. At the operational level,...

Space applications are best suited for dealing with an increasingly expanding concept of security. If, on the one hand, traditional customers are military users, on the other, a wider security and civilian community benefits from space services which are being developed in Europe in line with...

This major reference work is a comprehensive critical guide to the large and growing literature on the economics of defence, disarmament and peace. It covers the cost of defence spending and its effects on growth, investment, unemployment, technical change and other aspects of a nation's...

Since Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, a process of securitisation of the European Union's (EU) external action can be observed. From an institutional perspective, the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) increasingly overlaps with the Common Security and Defence...