– typically at age 60 – would enable employees to extend their careers and reduce the link between wages and seniority. It would …

industries have declined, while others flourished. Furthermore, new technologies and structural change create new skills and new … policies; ii) education and skills; to ensure adequate skills for accessing good quality jobs; and iii) urban environments …

sector is highly segmented, with a relatively small core of modern high-productivity corporations, and myriad small, less … formal and low-productivity entities. This hampers efficient resource allocation and tends to entrench social inequalities … to be overcome to raise productivity in the informal, low-skill and low-productivity sector, and to facilitate resource …

lower wages, precarious jobs, less coverage by social security and less training. A comprehensive approach is required to …

regulatory barriers. For youth, poor basic skills acquired through compulsory education and the weak linkages between secondary … education and job related skills often limit their employment prospects. Among lowskilled workers, a high minimum wage and … sufficiently reach those with poor skills and the public employment services lack the capacity to deliver high quality job …

paper sheds new light on the labour productivity premium from adopting digital technologies and boosting digital skill use …. The productivity premium is decomposed into a direct effect benefitting the firms actually increasing their digital … intensity, and an indirect effect of belonging to a sector with high digital intensity. The firm-level productivity premium of …

a rising inequality in wages – mostly through rapid earnings increases among top earners - this has been offset by …

retirement incentives in old-age pensions; iii) education and skills; and, iv) integration of immigrants. …