Differences in regulations, technical standards and national medical cultures across EU member states created a highly segmented pharmaceutical market in Europe prior to the implementation of the Single Market Programme. The subsequent reduction in non-tariff barriers to trade would be expected...

The paper analyzes the conditions under which the smaller of two otherwise identical countries prefers the non-cooperative Nash equilibrium to a situation of fully harmonized tax rates. A standard two-country model of capital tax competition is extended by allowing for transaction costs,...

There exists no adverse relation between Spain and Bangladesh instead it is seen rare international as well as bilateral relation of these two countries and we found scopes for engaging international trade for both of the countries. Spain is a country capable of producing for example, a lot of...