Until now there have been no national estimates of the extent of poverty in Britain at the turn of the 20th century … deficiencies. We use these data to estimate urban poverty in the British Isles in 1904. Applying Bowley's poverty line we find that …-3. This average masks a heavy concentration of poverty among the unskilled and those with large families. -- Poverty ; Britain …

differences. In particular, a much greater proportion of households in urban Scotland were overcrowded than in the rest of Britain …

This paper presents an analysis of housing conditions amongst the British urban working class in 1904, using a re …

. -- Poverty ; rent ; overcrowding ; Scotland ; 1904 ; Bowley …This paper presents an analysis of housing conditions amongst the British urban working class in 1904, using a re …

Until now there have been no national estimates of the extent of poverty in Britain at the turn of the 20th century … deficiencies. We use these data to estimate urban poverty in the British Isles in 1904. Applying Bowley’s poverty line we find that … of urban working households in Britain in the period than any other existing record, although they are not without …

We re-explore Able-Smith and Townsend's landmark study of poverty in early post WW2 Britain. They found a large … increase in poverty between 1953-4 and 1960, a period of relatively strong economic growth. Our re-examination is a first … absolute poverty and also substantially under-estimated the rise in relative poverty. Their and our findings on poverty reflect …