The Bologna process inspired the Italian 3+2 reform of the university system which constitutes a big increase in the supply of college graduates. This paper is a preliminary attempt to identify the e¤ects of the reform on (i)the relative probability (relative to non-graduates) of employment of...

Academic careers in Germany have been under debate for a while. We conduct a survey among postdocs in Germany, to analyze the perceptions and attitudes of postdocs regarding their research incentives, their working conditions, and their career prospects. We conceptualize the career prospects of...

Academic careers in Germany have been under debate for a while. We conduct a survey among postdocs in Germany, to analyze the perceptions and attitudes of postdocs regarding their research incentives, their working conditions, and their career prospects. We conceptualize the career prospects of...

Die demographischen sowie die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen für die Hochschulen haben sich in den letzten Jahren stark verändert. Dies ist das Ergebnis einer Untersuchung des IFO INSTITUTS, Niederlassung Dresden, zu den Rahmenbedingungen der Leistungserstellung ostdeutscher Hochschulen. Der...

Die ostdeutschen Hochschulen können die veränderten demographischen Rahmenbedingungen durch Wanderungsgewinne annähernd kompensieren – die Zahl der Studierenden bleibt, ebenso wie die Laufenden Ausgaben je Studierenden, etwa konstant. Gleichzeitig sinken jedoch die vom Land zugewiesenen...

The number of university students participating in exchange programs has risen sharply over the last decade, but a survey of Swiss university graduates (class of 1999 and 2001) shows that participation in student exchange programs significantly prolongs the period of time spent studying at...

Based on new data, this paper studies invention disclosure, licensing, and firm formation activities of Max Planck Institute directors over the time period 1985-2004, and analyzes their effects on scientists' publication and citation records. The results are consistent with prior findings that...

Many have argued that because the cost of attending college has increased more rapidly than family income, college has become less affordable. In this paper, we argue that this is not the correct way to think about affordability. Goods and services are more or less affordable if the consumer can...