writing and math and logical reasoning. The amount of time mothers spend with children is always greater than fathers but … changes over the life cycle of the children. In fact, the time mothers spend with children decreases as the child grows up and … is greater with daughters, while the reverse is true of fathers. The estimates show that the impact of mothers’ and …

variation in fathers involvement is accompanied by an increase in children's emotional wellbeing while the quality of children … household work. A the same time school closures in many countries impacted on children's lives and their learning process. In … Italy, schools and nurseries have been closed during three months and the incidence and quality of distant learning …

children's cognitive outcomes are greater for the children of less educated mothers, but may be negative for the children of … a model that takes into account the heterogeneity in a mother’s child-care productivity induced by her level of …. The results show that mothers with at least some college education are more effective than their less …

the household. Using a sample of PSID-CDS children, we investigate whether the birth order effects in their outcomes are …