We examine a generic three-stage game for two players with alternating moves, where the first player can choose the level of adjustment cost to be paid in the last period to modify the action she announced in the first period. In the resulting continuum of commitment options, convexifying the...

This paper (a) characterizes the unique Nash equilibrium of the unidirectional Hotelling–Downs game in which firms maximize their market shares, for any distribution of the consumers, and (b) analyzes equilibrium behavior in the variation of the game in which each firm aims to secure a larger...

We show that the price-setting subgame in the classic Hotelling’s model (1929) with the linear transport costs has the unique equilibrium solution for all location pairs under the assumption that duopolists secure themselves against being driven out of the market by undercutting. In contrast...

We provide supporting evidence from the laboratory for the Nash predictions of the homogeneous-good Bertrand model under asymmetric constant unit costs.

This study analyzes one-leader and multiple-follower Stackelberg games with demand uncertainty. We demonstrate that the weight on public information regarding a follower’s estimation of demand uncertainty determines the strategic relationship between the leader and each follower. When the...

I investigate how an incumbent firm deters entry by crowding the market, even when the incumbent can withdraw its stores in response to entry. In a two-location model, Judd (1985) shows such spatial entry deterrence is not credible. In contrast, I demonstrate spatial preemption can be credibly...

Prices that end with 9, also known as psychological price points, are common, comprising about 70% of the retail prices. They are also more rigid than other prices. We take advantage of a natural experiment to document an emergence of a new price ending that has the same effects as 9-endings. In...

We characterize and compare equilibrium pricing strategies in a marketing channel in two scenarios. In the first scenario, the manufacturer chooses the wholesale prices of the two versions of a product, i.e., tangible and digital. and the retailer their prices to consumer. In the second...

We provide a reduced form model that encompasses a range of static explanations for the Edgeworth cycle. The model distills two common features that lie behind a range of intuitive explanations for Edgeworth cycles: discontinuity in demand and a positive residual demand.

We examine the average equilibrium price when quantity setting oligopolies price discriminate. It is known that for the price discrimination extension of Cournot competition the average price is independent of the extent of price discrimination whenever the demand is linear. We show that this...