The EU member states in Central and Eastern Europe (EU-CEE) have been experiencing increasing labour shortages, which only briefly subsided in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ongoing demographic decline suggests that labour shortages will only get stronger over time. As a result, the...

In a randomised controlled trial in Austria, lower caseloads in public employment offices led to more meetings of the unemployed with their caseworkers, more job offers, more program assignments, and more sanctions for noncompliance with job search requirements. More intensive counselling led to...

The EU member states in Central and Eastern Europe (EU-CEE) were experiencing rising labour shortages prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, and ongoing demographic decline means that the issue is likely to resurface once the pandemic is over. As a result, the bargaining power of labour has increased,...

This study examined the impact of social entrepreneurship and Information Communication Technology (ICT) utilization on employment in Nigeria. The study made use of survey data obtained from youth entrepreneurship with innovation (YouWiN) (2019). The study engaged descriptive statistics, the...

The European Commission declared 2022 the "European Year of Youth." Apart from the obvious aim to enhance its visibility and political legitimacy, the Commission responded to the fact that COVID-19 badly affected especially young people, manifested in the rise of youth unemployment and of youth...

Refugees, and immigrants more generally, often do not have access to all jobs in the labor market. We argue that restrictions on employment opportunities help explain why immigrants have lower employment and wages than native citizens. To test this hypothesis, we leverage refugees' exogenous...

In this report, we present the first evidence on how the cohorts of young people who entered the labour market during the pandemic have fared up to now. In Section 2, we discuss why we might expect the pandemic to lead to scarring effects, documenting how labour market outcomes evolved over the...

This work studies the social and demographic factors that influenced youth unemployment in the age group from 18 to 29 years old in Ecuador in 2019. The study includes logistic regression models with marginal effects to evaluate the probability of being unemployed. The results reveal that being...

A reduction in employment protection is expected to encourage both job creation and job destruction. To estimate these two effects independently, this article exploits a change in the Italian employment protection legislation, approved in 2012, which impacted firms differently depending on their...

Since 2014, several Indian states have taken steps towards easing labour regulations, the prominent one among them being the raising of the threshold of applicability of Chapter V-B of the Industrial Disputes Act (IDA) from 100 to 300 workers, lifting thereby the requirement of government...

Can female employment be pioneered through training schemes? We partner with a non-governmental organization that trains women to become primary care nurses in Southern Egypt, a context with very low female labor force participation. We investigate the extent to which trainees join the labor...

Unemployment insurance and wage subsidies are key tools to support labor markets in recessions. We develop a multi-sector search and matching model with on-the-job human capital accumulation to study labor market policy responses to sector-specific shocks. Our calibration accounts for structural...

This paper provides micro-econometric evidence on the effectiveness of Active Labor Market Policies (ALMP) in Poland. We sketch the theoretical framework of matching estimators as a substitute for randomization in labor market programs. Using retrospective data from the 18th wave of the Polish...

Leveraging two cohort-specific pension reforms, this paper estimates the forwardlooking effects of an exogenous increase in the working horizon on (un)employment behaviour for individuals with a long remaining statutory working life. Using differencein-differences and regression discontinuity...

The main rationale for wage subsidies is giving job opportunities to workers who would otherwise remain unemployed or take jobs that do not exploit their potential productivity. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the wage subsidy programme in North Macedonia for the period 2018-2019 in order...

This article argues that the nature of precarious work can be grasped as the disintegration of the employment relationship which was a historical compromise concerning the distribution of cost and risks between capital and labour, in particular, along Fordist corporate boundaries, while...

Using unique information on firm level domestic outsourcing of manufacturing jobs by Indian firms, we propose two channels and their interaction as determinants of the fragmentation of production: import competition and labor market regulation. We find that greater import competition from China...

The main purpose of this study is to investigate legal and policy gaps in regulating informal employment in Tanzania in order to expose areas that need to be addressed so that to extend legal protection to informal workers. This study is based on the idea that informal employment in Tanzania is...

Youth unemployment has been increasing in Africa. It is particularly pervasive in South Africa, where the youth unemployment rate is persistently high, posing considerable socioeconomic challenges. This study examines the extent to which the Employment Tax Incentive program increases youth...

This paper examines the extent to which Zimbabwe's economic crisis compelled its citizens, particularly the youth, to engage in urban informality in order to make a living. In addition to this, the Zimbabwean youth in question have also turned to political activism, which has taken a complex...

We examine the impact of active and passive labor market policies expenditures on the probability of re-employment, re-employment duration, unemployment duration, and re-employment wages in the case of job displacements due to firm closures. We use retrospective homogeneous longitudinal data...

Although traditionally post-Keynesians tackle unemployment issues through the stimulation of aggregate demand, boosting demand indefinitely is no longer possible if we consider environmental constraints. In fact, according to several ecological economists, meeting the environmental targets of...

This paper discusses the idea of applying an artificial trading market approach, commonly used in environmental policy, to employment policy as a means of creating jobs more effectively. Artificial market approaches, as exemplified by the emission permits trading system, theoretically represent...

The U.S. Federal Reserve System states the ultimate goals of its monetary policy to be full employment and price stability. Though they may not state it so explicitly, policymakers of most countries would also likely regard full employment as one of the chief goals of their economic policies....

During the COVID-19 pandemic all the EU Member States established some kind of job retention scheme to cushion the employment effects of the economic crisis. While all job retention schemes share this general objective, they differ considerably as regards their institutional design and...

Previous research argues that occupational gender pay gaps arise from greedy jobs within occupations. Individuals employed in greedy jobs are not easily substitutable. They work long hours at unpredictable times of the day that engender compensating differentials resulting in an earnings to...

This paper estimates experimental impacts of a supported work program on employment, earnings, benefit receipt, and other outcomes. Case managers addressed employment barriers and provided targeted financial assistance while participants were eligible for 30 weeks of subsidized employment....

We evaluate a guaranteed job program launched in 2020 in Austria. Our evaluation is based on three approaches, pairwise matched randomization, a pre-registered synthetic control at the municipality level, and a comparison to individuals in control municipalities. This allows us to estimate...

Recent research documents mounting evidence for sizable and persistent biases in individual labor market expectations. This paper incorporates subjective expectations into a general equilibrium labor market model and studies the implications of biased expectations for wage bargaining, vacancy...