This work proposed the catalyst-free biodiesel synthesis from the low-grade feedstock. Rice bran oil fatty acid distillate (RBOFAD) containing 65.5% of free fatty acids and ethanol were applied as a feedstock. The influence of operating parameters including residence time, reaction temperature,...

This work proposed the catalyst-free biodiesel synthesis from the low-grade feedstock. Rice bran oil fatty acid distillate (RBOFAD) containing 65.5% of free fatty acids and ethanol were applied as a feedstock. The influence of operating parameters including residence time, reaction temperature,...

Biodiesel is obtained by the process of transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats and crude glycerol is the main by-product of the biodiesel manufacturing chain. As a result glycerol production has rapidly increased in the last decades. This work focuses on the development and the...

In this paper, we employ a partially linear nonparametric additive regression estimator, with recent U.S. Current Population Survey data, to analyze returns to schooling. Similar to previous research, we find that blacks and Hispanics have higher rates of return on average. However, for married...

In this paper, we employ a partially linear nonparametric additive regression estimator, with recent U.S. Current Population Survey data, to analyze returns to schooling. Similar to previous research, we find that blacks and Hispanics have higher rates of return on average. However, for married...

In this paper, we employ a partially linear nonparametric additive regression estimator, with recent U.S. Current Population Survey data, to analyze returns to schooling. Similar to previous research, we find that blacks and Hispanics have higher rates of return on average. However, for married...

Let X be a set of states, and let I be an infinite indexing set. Our first main result states that any separable, permutation-invariant preference order () on X^I admits an additive representation. That is: there exists a linearly ordered abelian group A and a `utility function' u:X--A such...

We examine the effects of background risks on optimal portfolio choice. Examples of background risks include uncertain labor income, uncertainty about the terminal value of fixed assets such as housing and uncertainty about future tax liabilities. While some of these risks are additive and have...

Judgments of naturalness of foods tend to be more influenced by the process history of a food, rather than its actual constituents. Two types of processing of a ``natural'' food are to add something or to remove something. We report in this study, based on a large random sample of individuals...

Acceptability of biodiesel by automotive sector is limited due to some of its adverse properties such as cold flow properties, oxidation stability and corrosiveness with automotive fuel system materials. Adverse cold flow properties of biodiesel lead to the problem of plugging and gumming of...

Bio-fuel has come under consideration due to the effect of fossil oil crisis. Bio-fuels are acting as a renewable replacement of petroleum fuels due to some environmental and economic benefits. Bio-fuel can be produced from different kinds of raw materials. Researchers have seen that absolute...

We report distilled technical cashew nut shell liquid (DT-CNSL) as a non-transesterified biofuel and also as an additive to convert triglycerides to biofuel, without the need for the formation of methyl esters. DT-CNSL blends of diesel obey physico-chemical parameters of diesel. DT-CNSL offers...

The motivation for the current work emanates from the conceptualization to improve the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with biodiesel, by altering the fuel properties of it through the addition of additives. As such, 1,4-Dioxane, a multipurpose additive, has been...

The wet flue gas desulfurization process (FGD) in fossil fired power plants offers the advantage of simultaneously removing SO2 and other water soluble pollutants, such as certain oxidized mercury compounds (Hg2+). In order to maximize SO2 removal efficiency of installed FGD units, organic...

Grassland biomass is likely to be harvested and stored as silage to ensure a predictable quality and a constant supply of feedstock to an anaerobic digestion facility. Grass (Phleum pratense L. var. Erecta) was ensiled following the application of one of six contrasting additive treatments or a...

Purpose – Operational practices and operational capabilities are critical yet distinct elements in operations strategy. The purpose of this paper is to examine their conceptual differences and explore how they are developed in a portfolio, considering the potential for practices and...

Many firms have shifted from a Closed Innovation to an Open Innovation strategy. During such change, firms often focus on implementing new processes to identify and use external technologies and new markets. Adapting the innovation culture, however, is neglected and results in a nonsatisfying...

The surface modification mechanism of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by ozonation was investigated to study the selective hydrophilization of PVC surface among other plastics. Infrared analysis confirmed the increase of hydrophilic groups. XPS analysis revealed that the increase was due to the...

Philipp Herzog develops a theoretical framework arguing that Open Innovation and Closed Innovation cultures need to be different. The findings help firms cope with the challenges experienced in implementing the Open Innovation concept. Dr. Philipp Herzog ist wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am...

ZrO2 is a kind of inorganic material with high hardness, high tenacity, antiwear, corrosion, and resistance, therefore it is regarded as an ideal nanolubricant material. But untreated ZrO2 nanoparticles are reunited in the lubricant medium instead of monodisperse because the consistency is poor...

Practitioners in process industry have to increasingly adapt their global production networks to changes in the competitive environment. A majority of the supply network design models proposed by academia do not sufficiently capture the questions that have to be resolved. This book provides the...

El objetivo de este trabajo es el análisis matemático-financiero de algunas condiciones necesarias que han de verificar las leyes financieras dinámicas que son favorables, desfavorables o indiferentes a la escisión del plazo temporal. Teniendo en cuenta que la exigencia de continuidad en la...