Im Falle der Transformationsländer Mittel- und Osteuropas formierte sich 1989/90 parallel zu den wirtschaftspolitischen Empfehlungen der Neoklassik ein alternativer monetärkeynesianischer Ansatz in Form der Berliner Schule. Die Politikempfehlung der Berliner Schule lautete Währungsreform und...

Die Erweiterung der Europäischen Union um acht mittel- und osteuropäische Länder am 1. Mai 2004 und die geplante Aufnahme von zwei weiteren Ländern im Jahr 2007 stellt eine große Herausforderung für Europa dar. Die Besonderheit der EU-Osterweiterung liegt insbesondere im niedrigen...

Die Produktivitätsentwicklung ist für Deutschland ein Schlüsselfaktor für die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung. Doch was bedeutet Produktivität, wie wird sie beeinflusst und wie kann sie gemessen werden? Im Sprachgebrauch weist Produktivität einen engen Bezug zur menschlichen Arbeit auf,...

Aufbauend auf der Analyse des Reformbedarfs zu Beginn der Transformationsprozesse in Mittel- und Osteuropa untersucht die Arbeit anhand von zwei Modellrahmen die Rolle der Wechselkurspolitik beim Übergang zur Marktwirtschaft. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Wahl des optimalen Wechselkurssystems von...

We ask whether recent changes in monetary policy due to the financial crisis will be temporary or permanent. We present evidence from two surveys - one of central bank governors, the other of academic specialists. We find that central banks in crisis countries are more likely to have resorted to...

For a long time, abundant natural resources brought Iceland a high and volatile real exchange rate with adverse effects on manufacturing and services. During 2003-2008, another national treasure, the sovereign's AAA rating, was used by privatized banks to attract foreign capital, elevating the...

Against the backdrop of continuing adjustment in EU labour markets in response to the Great Recession and the sovereign debt crisis, the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) conducted the third wave of the Wage Dynamics Network (WDN) survey in 2014-15 as a follow-up to the two previous WDN...

The process leading to WTO accession is complex, requires solid domestic coordination mechanisms in the acceding country, a rethinking of its economic and trade policies and significant domestic structural reforms. It often implies the creation of new institutions designed to coordinate and...

Over the past 20 years, Portugal has gone through a boom, a slump, a sudden stop, and now a timid recovery. Unemployment has decreased, but remains high, and output is still far below potential. Competitiveness has improved, but more is needed to keep the current account in check as the economy...

This book is open access under a CC BY license. In this book, Nika Gilauri reveals his formulas for government reform and economic recovery, including how to fight against corruption, reform fiscal policy and tax systems, privatize state-owned enterprises, build a welfare system for those most...

The large regional variation in minimum wage levels in the period 2002-08 in China implies that Chinese manufacturing firms experienced competitive shocks as a function of firm location and their low-wage employment share. We find that minimum wage hikes accelerate the input substitution from...

The world economy has not still recovered from the effects of the financial crisis that began almost a decade ago first in the US and then in Europe. Policy response to the crisis, the combination of fiscal restraint and ultra-easy monetary policy, has not only failed to bring about a robust...

Population ageing is the 21st century's dominant demographic phenomenon. Declining fertility, increasing longevity, and the progression of large-sized cohorts to the older ages are causing elder shares to rise throughout the world. The phenomenon of population ageing, which is unprecedented in...

The European project is a long-run success story. Up to the 1990s, Europe thrived and experienced rising prosperity, as well as a catching up process with technology frontiers, while simultaneously extending its welfare model. The integration process, starting with six member states, led to a...