The paper is structured around three main contributions. First, it takes advantage of a unique survey on Afghan asylum seekers in Germany to provide novel descriptive insights into asylum seekers' beliefs about their outcomes and the associated intention to overstay. Second, it estimates asylum...

This paper explores the challenges and prospects associated with the adoption of Islamic banking in Afghanistan. Despite the global growth and acceptance of Islamic banking by approximately 50 countries by 1997, Afghanistan only embraced it between 2008-2009. The decision to convert conventional...

Crop diversification is a farm level strategy to augment income, improve food security, and mitigate risks attributable to climate and market shocks. We use three-waves (2011/12 to 2016/17) of nationally representative repeated cross section surveys to study the impact of crop diversification on...

The aid effectiveness principles have limits if the recipient is fragile. The problem of relevance exists if the recipient has an authoritarian or totalitarian regime. In situations of weak statehood and fragility, a large portion of aid would likely bypass the state because of high demand for...

The study aims to analyse and identify the loopholes in trade and IPR in Afghanistan. Hence the study shall be doctrinal research. Under doctrinal research, a blend of the following techniques has been used to achieve the research objectives. The data and information for the study shall be based...

War crimes are described as acts that gravely violate the Geneva Conventions, Additional Protocol I, and Additional Protocol II, as well as the rules and conventions of war established by the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. Although the occupying power should be bound by several provisions...

This Article aims to examine the role of human resource management strategies its dimension comprises of “recruitment and selection, training and development, sustain of human resources, performance appraisal, and rewards” on organizational performance relating to the perspectives of...

The study explains in particular the different forms of legal protection required by international IPR agreements, including the system of plant breeders' rights in the 1978 and 1991 UPOV Acts, the choice between patent and sui generis protection created by article 27.3(b) of the TRIPs Agreement...

This article discusses about some of the business industries that potentially attract foreign investors to transfer their intellectual property to Afghanistan. Though many foreign investors may have a massive fear about instability and poor rule of law in Afghanistan, the country can still offer...

The Taliban's takeover of Afghanistan in August 2021 is associated with a rapid collapse of the Afghan economy. In lieu of official data, attempts to measure the scale of the collapse have relied on rapid surveys of the population. We validate these qualitative measures by using nightlights as a...

The WTO is the most important international organization that governs world trade. Decisions are made by the member countries. The WTO has 164 members and 24 observer governments (most of which have applied for membership), and members represent over 98% of world trade. The highest-level...

Employing propensity-score matching and difference-in-differences, this paper provides causal evidence of COVID-19 lockdowns’ near-term impacts on employment in Afghanistan. I find evidence that the urban-area-wide lockdowns introduced a 6.3 percent drop in employment-to-population ratio in...

WTO membership has always been a key component of Afghanistan's overarching strategic goals. Joining the WTO was seen as a chance for a post-conflict, landlocked, and least-developed economy to create economic stability, enhance regional security and cooperation, reduce poverty, and bring about...

This blueprint explores elaborate strategies and approaches to address poverty, enhance national budgets, and foster rural development. It emphasizes the importance of agricultural and rural economic development, drought mitigation, and utilizing deserts for revenue. The study examines intricate...

This blueprint explores elaborate strategies and approaches to address poverty, enhance national budgets, and foster rural development. It emphasizes the importance of agricultural and rural economic development, drought mitigation, and utilizing deserts for revenue. The study examines intricate...

Checkpoints play a crucial role in regulating movement, enforcing customs regulations, collecting import duties, ensuring security, and conducting necessary inspection. For example, the Indian municipalities, up until 2017, implemented Octroi and Entry Tax, a form of checkpoint taxation. These...

Based on Islamic teachings, there is no religious justification for denying women and girls their right to education. Islam promotes inclusivity and women’s empowerment through education, while the hijab should not restrict access to education or societal participation. The government must...

Administrative corruption is twin with human birth and there is no country without corruption. However, this phenomenon exists more in developing countries, especially post- conflict countries whose political stability, economic and social capital, and cultural have been destroyed by war. As...

Building state capacity is uniquely challenging in fragile states. We report results from a randomized evaluation of a major Afghan government initiative to increase capacity by modernizing its payroll. The reform, which required teachers to biometrically register and receive salary payments via...

Building state capacity is uniquely challenging in fragile states. We report results from a randomized evaluation of a major Afghan government initiative to increase capacity by modernizing its payroll. The reform, which required teachers to biometrically register and receive salary payments via...

The paper is structured around three main contributions. First, it takes advantage of a unique survey on Afghan asylum seekers in Germany to provide novel descriptive insights into asylum seekers' beliefs about their outcomes and the associated intention to overstay. Second, it estimates asylum...

Through various decrees from the Interim Taliban Administration (ITA), women and girls have been systematically excluded from public and political domains, and restricted in their freedom of expression, access to education, and some forms of employment. As the restrictions continue to mount, it...

The aid effectiveness principles have limits if the recipient is fragile. The problem of relevance exists if the recipient has an authoritarian or totalitarian regime. In situations of weak statehood and fragility, a large portion of aid would likely bypass the state because of high demand for...

Building state capacity is uniquely challenging in fragile states. We report results from a randomized evaluation of a major Afghan government initiative to increase capacity by modernizing its payroll. The reform, which required teachers to biometrically register and receive salary payments via...

How domestic constituents respond to signals of weakness in foreign wars remains an important question in international relations. In this paper, we study the impact of battlefield casualties and media coverage on public demand for war termination. To identify the effect of troop fatalities, we...

This working paper provides a summary of three systematic reviews on the effectiveness of aid in Afghanistan, Mali, and South Sudan between 2008 and 2021. These three countries, like all other highly fragile countries, suffer from bad governance, lack of capacity, and violence. The systematic...

The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of monitoring and evaluation on improving the organizational process of the Independent Administrative Reform and Civil Service Commission. The inefficiency and poor performance of the Independent Administrative Reform and Civil Service...

This paper attempts to evaluate the main reasons why Afghanistan fails after twenty years under a deep analysis of the Afghan-Taliban war from 2001 to 2021. This document reviewed the two enormous military interventions in Afghanistan by the former Soviet Union (1979-1989) and the U.S....

The events of September 11 2001, in which AI-Qaeda hijacked four planes and crashed them into the twin towers of World Trade Center, the Pentagon and the open fields of Pennsylvania killing thousands of Americans have invariably accelerated the Foreign policy objectives of the United States....