With 1582 respondents from the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS), this study investigates the heterogeneity in older adults' vulnerability and examines the relationship between vulnerability types, aging attitudes and emotional responses. International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule...

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed challenges to emotional well-being of individuals. With 1582 respondents from the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS), this study investigates the heterogeneity in older adults’ vulnerability and examines the relationship between vulnerability types, aging...

Vor dem Hintergrund des demografischen Wandels ist Deutschland in zunehmendem Maße auf Zuwanderung angewiesen, um Wachstum und Wohlstand zu sichern. Dabei müssen auch die Akteure auf kommunaler Ebene aktiv werden und eine eigene regionale Migrations- und Demografiepolitik gestalten....

This paper analyzes the impact on age group wage differentials in a setting of imperfect labor substitution at different ages (years) of working life. We examine the wage prospect of assuming medium, high, and low levels of fertility during the population projection period (2020-2090). Main...

Background: There is evidence to suggest that the proportion of missing values is slightly higher in the older population resulting in lower completion rates of the EQ-5D. However, existing studies rarely provide a within- sample comparison of feasibility properties across age groups to quantify...

Age-related changes in human vaginal microbiota composition have been reported, and such changes might be influenced by humidity, external stimuli, hormone levels, drug use, and other factors. However, there is no report about the vaginal microbiota composition in female beagles at different...

Heat treatment of products post additive manufacture are considered hugely important since the metallurgical condition post process is suboptimal. In the case of nickel-based superalloys, grain size, precipitate distribution and precipitate size are distinct from wrought equivalents. Appropriate...

Sikh teachings emphasize hard work and individual responsibility, as well as sharing and social justice. Those teachings also speak to the fundamental limits of material wealth accumulation. This paper examines how millennial Sikhs in northern California individually and collectively address the...

In hundreds of communities across northern New England, the population is aging rapidly and becoming smaller. The entire country is aging, but northern New England stands out: Among the populations of all US states, those of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont have the top-three highest median...

Using data from the European Social Survey 1 (2002) and 9 (2018) we show the development of self-rated health in 17 countries for pre-retirement and post-retirement cohorts. We find a considerable increase of older people reporting good or very good health between 2002 and 2018; this increase is...

This paper presents some preliminary findings about contact between the aged and their children based on a new survey of the aged and their children, entitled The Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for the Aged-NBER (HRC-NBER) Child Survey. Data on extended families is quite limited. The HRC-NBER...

The aging of population and workforce has significantly impacted living conditions in society and organizations around the world. This scenario represents a challenge for public policymakers and for the labor market, whose future depends on the maintenance of the work capacity of the older...

Mortality decline in the context of the demographic transition is often portrayed as the harbinger of a progressively 'ordered' world in which deaths become more pre- dictable. In this narrative, parents adjust their fertility because they are increasingly certain that their offspring will...

There is a widely held belief that older students, by virtue of being more mature and readier to learn at school entry, may have better academic, employment, and earnings outcomes compared to their younger counterparts. There are understated, albeit important, costs to starting school later,...

When should you claim a pension (such as Social Security) in the US? Much current advice focuses on the increase in the annual pension benefit as individuals delay claiming a pension, an increase due to the actuarial fairness of the system. However, individuals face two risks: whether they live...

An elementary school student's relative age is defined as the child's age relative to the age of its classmates. To what extent relative age gaps influence academic outcomes is an ongoing debate in educational economics and related fields. Our study analyzes the existence, magnitude, and...

I examine the relationship between unhappiness and age using data from six well-being data files on nearly ten million respondents across forty European countries and the United States. I use fifteen different individual characterizations of unhappiness including despair; anxiety; loneliness;...

Recent work has found that countries with older populations face steeper yield curves and issue shorter maturity debt than do younger countries. We reexamine these findings using a new database of public debt maturity and yields for OECD countries. We first show that the behavior of eurozone...

The main objective of this analysis is to demonstrate that some of the limitations that have characterized recent studies of the relationship between marital status and health outcomes may result in biased estimates of marital status differences in mortality among the elderly. A secondary goal...

Currently, most traditional banks provide digital services and the government encourages people to use cashless payments in their everyday life, particularly during the pandemic when the demand for avoiding physical encounters is getting higher. There is a growing trend in the development of...

Fuelled by changes to UK pensions policy over the last decade, most notably automatic enrolment into workplace pensions, an increasing number of people save for their retirement in defined contribution pension pots. Due to the end of compulsory annuitisation in 2015, known as 'Pension Freedoms',...

According to the standard life cycle model, household saving rate should peak at the best working age and turn then to decline so that households dissolve their savings after retirement. This study examines, how age and birth cohort affect the saving behavior of the Finnish households. A...

According to the U.S. Census records, 40% of the population is aged between 35 and 64. This statistic means that a substantial percentage of the nation's population is in the wealth-formation phase of their life cycle and should be saving towards their retirement goals. Hence, the demand for...

The prediction of future mortality improvements is of substantial importance for areas such as population projection, government welfare policies, pension planning and annuity pricing. The Lee-Carter model is one of the widely applied mortality models proposed to capture and predict the trend in...

We use exogenous variation in Social Security payments created by the Social Security benefits notch to estimate how retirees' use of prescription medications responds to changes in their incomes. In contrast to estimates obtained using ordinary least squares, instrumental variables estimates...

As the baby boom cohort reaches retirement age, demographic pressures on public programs such as social security may cause policy makers to cut benefits and encourage employment at later ages. This paper reports on a labor market experiment to determine the hiring conditions for older women in...

The literature considers firms seeking finance through an initial public offering (IPO) as entrepreneurial. But are they? We hypothesize that firms in the latter stage of industry life-cycle, or late bloomer firms as less innovative, proactive, and risk-taking, signal entrepreneurial orientation...

Recent development of explicit theoretical and empirical earnings functions from life cycle human capital investment models increases the potential to explain existing earnings distributions and to predict changes in it. The purpose of this paper is to suggest how these earnings functions can be...

Insurance telematics is a recent technology-enabled service innovation advanced by insurance companies and adopted by millions of drivers worldwide. This research study explores the insurance telematics technology acceptance and use among the new Millennials generation, which represents both a...

During the past decade, much has been said about the role that on-the-job training plays in augmenting one's stock of human capital. Up to this point, little has been done to distinguish the effect of on-the-job training from that of aging on the increase in human wealth. The reason rests...

I construct dynamic economic models which focus on an elderly person's decision whether to move in response to changes in his or her health status. The models specify three health states (good, moderately disabled, and poor), three matching housing states (conventional, transitional, and...

in this paper we specify and estimate a structural limited dependent variable model with which we study both the health and retirement status of the elderly. Standard linear estimators, which assume that these variable sare continuous, are not appropriate and categorical estimation techniques...

Psychologists have found that the age at which successful practitioners typically do their best work varies across professions, but they have not considered whether these peak ages change over time, as economic models suggest they might. Using auction records, we estimate the relationship...