This report contributes to the project "Securing agriculture and rural development in times of COVID-19, pathways to regional responses for recovery, reforms, and resilience" by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The objectives of the report are threefold: 1) to...

Despite a vast literature documenting the negative effects of climate change on various socio-economic outcomes, little, if any, evidence exists on the global impacts of hotter temperature on poverty. Analyzing a new global dataset of subnational poverty in 166 countries, we find higher...

Adoption of new practices and technologies influences farm productivity and agricultural growth. Countries invest in research and extension to ensure continuous growth both at the farm and industry level. This chapter investigates agricultural technology production, its knowledge transfer, and...

When agricultural productivity improves, farmers may react by expanding farming and further encroach on forest lands, or they may choose to intensify and produce more output with less land. We specify the conditions under which agricultural productivity can have such ambiguous effects on...

This study explores how aridity (proxied with a measure of soil potential evapotranspiration) impacts agricultural productivity and child wellbeing in Sub-Saharan Africa. Climate conditions, crop yield, and infant health measures are collected over approximately 4,000 grid cells of 0.5 x 0.5 in...

This paper assesses the causal impact of greater market access on demographic transition during the latter half of the 19th century in the United States. We construct new measures of fertility changes and measures of railroad access at the county level from 1850 - 1890. We are able to document...

There has been much discussion on climate change and its adverse effects on agriculture, including excessive loss of food production. In regions such as sub-Saharan Africa, where agriculture is the major source of household livelihoods, shocks in weather patterns affect farmers' expectations of...

Low levels of agricultural productivity and investment hinder economic growth in developing countries. This paper presents results from a field experiment in Côte d'Ivoire, which randomized wives' participation in an agricultural extension training for rubber, a male-dominated export crop that...

We use a CES production function to estimate the impact of external finance on productivity. Finance has an indirect influence on productivity through its effect on capital augmenting-technological change and depends on the elasticity of substitution between equity and debt, as well as on the...

Climate change is having adverse implications for agriculture yields in India, especially in the agriculture-dependent economy of the state of Bihar. The agricultural productivity in Bihar is one of the lowest in the country. Bihar is also less resilient to climate change, deeming it necessary...

Even though India is a predominantly agricultural economy, we find dearth of works related to Indian agricultural trade combining both export and imports. This paper attempts to examine the performances of major Indian agricultural crops both in terms of export and imports and tries to attribute...

We study the effects of globalization on agricultural productivity across countries. We develop a multi-country general equilibrium model that incorporates choices of crops and technologies in agricultural production at the micro-level of fields covering the surface of the earth. We estimate our...

This study estimates the impact of excess precipitation (or the absence of rainfall) on productivity of agricultural land parcels in New Zealand. This type of post-disaster damage assessments aims to allow for quantification of disaster damage when on-the-ground assessment of damage is too...

and waste have become a frightening reality because of food waste produced for consumption. Reducing losses is considered one of the principal factors to achieve the target of food security. Loss and waste represent not only food waste but also cause the loss of one-third of the production...

To verify an effective scheme for alleviating obstacles during continuous cropping, the effects of biofertilizer (BF) and water-soluble (WS) fertilizer applications on yield, quality, and soil properties were evaluated during the 2018-2019 growth seasons in fields continuously planted with sweet...

Agriculture in Central Asia is vulnerable to climate change due to rising aridity, declining availability of water resources for irrigation, and low adaptive capacity. We use climate data from CMIP5 with RCP8.5 for greenhouse gas emissions and the DSSAT crop model to investigate how yields of...

Ethiopian economy relies on Agriculture, but it is highly dependent on rainfall. Rainfall is highly varying spatially and temporally affecting cropping pattern and productivity. Drought incidences and prolonged dry days during crop growing season are the leading challenges of agricultural...

Accurate crop evapotranspiration simulation is vital for reasonable irrigation planning. The two-step method for crop evapotranspiration estimation has been widely used for irrigation water demand management. However, in the two-step method, the crop coefficient ( K c ) is typically taken as a...

The potential spreading of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) into agricultural fields and crops represent a fundamental limitation on the use of organic fertilization in food production systems. We present here a study of the effect of spreading four types of organic soil amendments (raw pig...

A 7-year multisite field experiment was performed to assess the relative importance of climate, soil, and microbial properties in crop production in a wheat cropping system under contrasting fertilization management (i.e., continuous organic vs. chemical fertilization). The results showed that...

The global COVID-19 pandemic leads to the fatal economic condition of Asian countries and brings miserable situations to the rural farmers. According to Awad and Konn (2020), this pandemic greatly hits the developing countries and creates an economic slowdown in industry and agricultural...

Fertilizer and seasonal precipitation in dryland crop production is critical for maximizing yield. Low rainfall dryland crop production globally is vulnerable to climatic variability. This work introduces and evaluates previously unconsidered alternative management practices to increase crop...

In Nigeria, the inconsistency in maize production compared to the projected average output has grave implications considering the sharp increase in maize demand and its strategic importance in addressing economic welfare issues. Thus, emphasis is placed on improved agricultural technologies for...

Based on a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, the study examines the impact of land degradation on agricultural production and food security using three policy approaches: irrigation schemes, subsidies for agricultural inputs and equipment, and rural infrastructure development (roads...

This study uses the new economics of labor migration framework to investigate how migration affects the agricultural production and economic welfare of source households in China. I construct export shocks in migration locations based on processing exports. The shocks are combined with initial...

This paper examines how climate change adaptation impacts on farm productivity and the ability of households to accumulate assets in the context of a developing economy. We apply an endogenous switching regression to data obtained from 1,440 farmers in Ghana. Our model, which accounts for...

This paper examines how the pollution generated by oil operations in Nigeria can affect agricultural total factor productivity. I analyze oil spillages, which constitute the major ecological disaster in Nigeria, leading to large environmental, economic and social problems. Following a...

This article aims to evaluate the effect of insurance on production, technical efficiency, and input use of Italian specialised-quality grape growers. A panel instrumental variable stochastic frontier approach is applied over the years 2008-2017 using data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network....

Several studies investigate the various aspects of tobacco at the processing and cigarette manufacturing levels, but the profitability, supply response, and input demand of tobacco farms in Pakistan remain unknown. Our study fills this gap by examining farm-level profitability, input demand, and...

Lightning provides nitrogen fixation that fertilizes crops, but there have been no estimates on how this naturally provided input affects actual production and incentivizes farm behaviors. Based on a decades-long panel of US counties with geo-referenced lightning activities, I find lightning...

Agricultural growth and instability has remained subject of intense debate in the agricultural economics literature in India. Instability is a very essential characteristic of agriculture. Since agriculture is dependent on weather conditions, the area, production and yield of the crops are...