Africa's rural population continues to expand rapidly and labor productivity in agriculture and many rural off farm activities remains low. This paper uses the lens of a dual economy and the associated patterns of agricultural, rural, and structural transformation to review the evolution of...

This paper examines whether workers living in rural areas are more likely to be self-employed, compared with those in urban areas. We provide evidence for 35 European countries, using the European Working Conditions Survey for the year 2015. We also study the time devoted to market work, and...

This paper provides a literature review on youth employment challenges in rural Africa. The rapidly changing demographic structure across the continent is expected to have important economic and social consequences, especially for employment. So far, despite sustained economic growth, African...

Africa's rural population continues to expand rapidly and labor productivity in agriculture and many rural off farm activities remains low. This paper uses the lens of a dual economy and the associated patterns of agricultural, rural, and structural transformation to review the evolution of...

Internal migration flows from rural to urban areas have greatly contributed to population declines in many rural areas across both Europe and the US. At the same time there is mounting evidence for a tight connection between internal migration and shifts in labor demand, with the latter being...

Female labor force participation increased worldwide between 1990 and 2015. In India, it decreased 22% from a low rate of 37%. Rural married women drove the decrease, which began right after the implementation of a policy guaranteeing employment for rural households. I document the following....

This paper examines the role of search and information frictions on wage dispersion. Job search costs are high in rural labor markets in developing countries. The flow of information on jobs and wages is limited, and wages tend to be dispersed. To lower search costs, I develop an SMS-based...

This study examines the potential, initiation, and subsequent development of edutourism in a rural destination located in Bali, Indonesia. It aims to combine the findings from previous studies on the area’s tourism potentials with primary research conducted by the authors, then to analyze the...

Started as a pilot in 200 of the poorest districts of India in February 2006, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is a demand-based public works programme which entitles every rural household in India to 100 days of waged employment. MGNREGA envisages women’s...

This study contributes to the current understanding of what drives physicians to practice in rural areas by analyzing new, comprehensive survey data of practicing physicians in the United States. This research confirmed that rural origin is an important and reliable predictor for rural practice...

This study analyzes the results of a randomized control trial in thirty villages of rural western Kenya. The intervention combined several days of community group counseling with two weeks of household therapy sessions with cohabiting spouses in which at least one spouse is alcohol using. Using...

The purpose of this study is to look at development trends and patterns of structural change in India's rural and labour markets. The rural labour strength have been moving from agricultural sector to non-agricultural sector for a living, after a long period of change (due to pain and...

This paper analyses the extent to which the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 (MGNREGA) impacted women in rural areas. The paper achieves this goal by exploring and comparing various different research papers on the implementation of MGNREGA. The results are divided...

Many US local economic development strategies rely on tax and other monetary incentives to attract employers. This study looks at whether other incentives related to “economic freedom” and labor market regulation could also improve local conditions. Two measures developed by Murphy (JRAP,...

The present study contributes to the literature on labour reallocation and adaptation in response to weather anomalies. Existing literature on labour mobility and weather shocks primarily focus on migration to the neglect of worker commuting as a potential adaptation strategy. Utilising...

Despite the extensive literature on rural poverty outcome, the labour employment channel has not been carefully investigated for rural Nigeria. The paper used the socioeconomic data from the three waves of the Nigerian General Household Survey Panel (2010/2011, 2012/3013 and 2015/2016 to examine...

Using detailed monthly panel data from rural India, this paper analyzes sectoral wage gaps for men and women. I document three important findings. First, there is clear evidence of sorting into sectors, with very large differences in worker human capital across the farm and non-farm sectors and...

This paper aims to assess the status and trends in employment achievements in the state of Odisha in India. It explores the extent to which rural development programs have responded to employment generation. This is a review of the achievements made under direct or indirect employment generation...

Non-farming population represents an increasingly significant group of rural residents and therefore became an important object of study. The paper is primarily focused on the description of the non-farming rural population. The main source of the analysed data were surveys of families residing...

We investigate the impact of microcredit borrowing on the labor allocation of Rural Ethiopians using 3 waves of LSMS-ISA panel data. While microloans are often associated with moderate average effects on welfare, we show that another possible way to grasp this question is to study the...

We examine the relationship between participation in non-agricultural labor activities and farming production decisions, focusing on the use of inputs. In particular, we are interested in the hypothesis that income from non-agricultural labor relaxes credit constraints. Using longitudinal data...

This research examines the impact of road construction on rural labor force outcomes in a developing country. A new road built in the Republic of Palau links formerly inaccessible rural areas to more urban wage sector employment. We use two censuses conducted five years apart which perfectly...

India’s Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) is the largest public-works based rural livelihood programme in the world. One of the important policy objectives of the Scheme is to curb rural out-migration by guaranteeing demand-driven employment opportunities for...

This study aims to address a gap in existing data and literature regarding the socio-economic profile of agricultural workers within rural households. It implemented a survey collecting panel data on the full range of labor and economic activities of rural households with agricultural workers,...

This study looks at trends in Indian farm wages, analyses their linkage with food prices, and identifies factors which drove their growth in real terms. We employ quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques for this purpose. A vector-error correction model (VECM) is used to determine the...

The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) was enacted on 23rd of August 2005 and got presidential assent on 5th of September 2005 expressing the consensus of the state to use fiscal and legal instruments to address the challenges of unemployment and poverty. The national coalition...

The State is implementing the policy of labor market (human resource) development in rural areas in the framework of the State Program for Comprehensive Development of Rural Areas (hereinafter – State Program)1. It is expected that the allocation of state subsidies designed to cover the costs...

This paper investigates the effect of a large negative agricultural shock, the boll weevil, on black-white inequality in the first half of the twentieth century. To do this we use complete count census data to generate a linked sample of fathers and their sons. We find that the boll weevil...

"Drugs, violence, mafias, death squads, guerrilla armies, authoritarianism, corruption, crisis, death. These are the images conjured up when I tell people about my research on labor regime dynamics in rural Colombia. Sensationalized in popular films and mass media, Colombian society is often...

The welfare of workers in rural areas is highly affected by agricultural output volatility, caused in part by weather shocks. A volatile source of income is an important factor in inducing migration. While the impact of rainfall shocks on migration is well studied, the channels through which...