Montero (2022) explores a discontinuity in a land reform in El Salvador and reports two main findings. First, relative to outside-owned haciendas operated by contract workers, the productivity of worker-owned cooperatives is higher for staple crops and lower for cash-crop. Second, cooperative...

In order to have economically sustainable and profitable farms, farmers need to manage and understand factors that impact farm output and costs. Many factors can influence farms' output and costs, such as soil quality, environmental conditions, farm size, farm system, farmers' experience, and so...

Based on the geographical structure like low elevation to the land areas, approximate to the sea, Bangladesh is one of the most susceptible countries to the effects of sea level rise due to climate change. Although per capita land of our people is very poor, according to IPCC’s research...

Uganda’s climate is changing in terms of rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns, leading to extreme meteorological conditions such as prolonged drought, floods and landslides, yet the majority (68 percent) of Ugandans largely rely on rain fed agriculture, which can easily be...

Crop diversification is a farm level strategy to augment income, improve food security, and mitigate risks attributable to climate and market shocks. We use three-waves (2011/12 to 2016/17) of nationally representative repeated cross section surveys to study the impact of crop diversification on...

There are formal and informal sources of finance for accessing of funds for improving agricultural production by women farmers in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria. But accessing of the funds from some of the sources are hindered by conditionalities difficult to satisfy leaving the women with the...

We use primary data to examine the potential role of wild foods in alleviating food insecurity among rural farmers in Bhutan during the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that food-insecure households are more likely to collect wild foods, suggesting that food-insecure households are consuming wild...

Crop diversification, or growing multiple crops in farmland, has received attention as a risk-reducing strategy for smallholders. This study attempts to show that poor and non-poor farmers adopt different strategies of crop diversification. We first conceptualize farmers’ heterogeneous...

This paper uses two years of agriculture census data to build a panel dataset that consists of all the small towns in Bhutan. This dataset is used to estimate the impact of irrigation gaps and drought on the yields of paddy, maize, and other crops. The paper compares the estimated impacts from a...

Data from 2,251 small and medium-size farms for 2021 and 2022 show that area reductions in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine remained limited. However, worsening terms of trade reduced farm profitability, implying that 46 percent of farms had a negative cash flow and 54 percent (67...

Food insecurity remains a serious challenge for many households in Africa and the situation is even more prevalent among young people. However, there is a dearth of empirical evidence on youth food security status in Africa. We assessed the level and determinants of food security among young...

The importance of credit in agriculture and technology adoption is well researched, but little is known about its impact on the intensity of climate adaptation strategies (CAS) utilization. To contribute to the literature on climate change, the study examines the impact of credit status on the...

I document negative externalities of air pollution in the Indian agricultural sector. Using variation in pollution induced by changes in wind across years, I show that higher levels of pollution lead to decreased agricultural productivity, with large changes in productivity being common. The...

This paper explores the extent of factor misallocation in Vietnam’s cropping sector and how it is related to land rental markets. I distinguish between market transactions (i.e. those that are entitled to some form of compensation) and non-market (i.e. those that are for free and/or among...

In order to solve the problem of deteriorating soil health and the stagnation of yield in the rice-wheat-green gram cropping system (RWGCS) in Madwan Block, Muzaffarpur Bihar, from 2018 until 2023. The experiment included five crop scenarios based on conservation agriculture principles (CA),...

Pesticides are important materials for agricultural production, and increasing the output efficiency of pesticide use will promote green agricultural upgrading, which needs to integrate the scientific and technological innovation and human capital to form a virtuous development circle. By...

I document negative externalities of air pollution in the Indian agricultural sector. Using variation in pollution induced by changes in wind across years, I show that higher levels of pollution lead to decreased agricultural productivity, with large changes in productivity being common. The...

In 2022, index of physical volume of agricultural output in agricultural organizations, peasant (private) farms and household farms grew by 10.2% as compared to the previous year. In monetary terms growth was 14.8% due to rising prices on agricultural products (+4.2%, i.e. much lower as compared...