Die Zahlungssicherung im Export ist ein wesentlicher Aspekt in internationalen Geschäftsbeziehungen. In Abschnitt 2 werden internationale Zahlungsrisiken behandelt und es wird ein Überblick über internationale Zahlungsbedingungen gegeben. Der Schwerpunkt dieses Kapitels liegt in der...

Die Zahlungssicherung im Export ist ein wesentlicher Aspekt in internationalen Geschäftsbeziehungen. In Abschnitt 2 werden internationale Zahlungsrisiken behandelt und es wird ein Überblick über internationale Zahlungsbedingungen gegeben. Der Schwerpunkt dieses Kapitels liegt in der...

Letter of credit — a financial term, one of the types of payment instruments between the participants of export-import contract. Today the letter of credit is recognized by financiers in all over the world as the most universal way of payment in foreign economic activity. The letter of credit...

In this article Professor Dolan argues that the law should mandate attorney's fees in much letter of credit (“LC”) litigation. The argument rests on the notion that litigation itself, notwithstanding the results it obtains, transforms the LC, a unique commercial bank product, into an...

This article addresses the insolvency of the letter of credit transaction's participants. In the first and second parts of a three-part article, which appeared in prior issues of The Banking Law Journal, the author discussed the insolvency of the beneficiary of the credit and the insolvency of...

This article inquires into the factors that affect the pricing of new issues of corporate tax-exempt bonds backed by standby letter of credit of U.S. and foreign commercial banks. Previous literature suggests that U.S. banks possess superior certifying ability in this market due to their unique...

When the credit crisis started in 2008, a total of 67 entrepreneurs sought advice with the European Centre of Managerial Studies in Business Administration of the Spiru Haret University in Bucharest in order to find alternatives to finance classic loans that could enable them perform their...

This article addresses the insolvency of the letter of credit transaction's participants. In the first part of this three-part article, which appeared in a prior issue of The Banking Law Journal, the author discussed the insolvency of the beneficiary of the credit. This second part addresses the...

This article addresses the insolvency of the letter of credit transaction's participants. In this first part of a three-part article, the author discusses the insolvency of the beneficiary of the credit. The second part and third parts of the article, which will be featured in upcoming issues of...

This study provides evidence that shocks to the supply of trade finance have a causal effect on U.S. exports. The identification strategy exploits variation in the importance of banks as providers of letters of credit across countries. The larger a U.S. bank's share of the trade finance market...

Banks play a critical role in facilitating international trade by guaranteeing international payments and thereby reducing the risk of trade transactions. This paper employs banking data from the U.S. to document new empirical patterns regarding the use of letters of credit and similar bank...

This study provides evidence that shocks to the supply of trade finance have a causal effect on U.S. exports. The identification strategy exploits variation in the importance of banks as providers of letters of credit across countries. The larger a U.S. bank's share of the trade finance market...

This article examines the preference issues that can confront a creditor that held a standby letter of credit to secure a debtor's obligations where the debtor performed its obligations in the 90-day preference period prior to bankruptcy. The article discusses the decision in In re Powerine, 59...

It is argued that, to a businessman nothing is simpler than an irrevocable letter of credit transaction; he or she never thinks about the nature of the obligation incurred by the issuing bank. However, significant uncertainty, ambiguity as to the nature of the obligation arises when lawyers,...

How relevant are financial instruments to manage risk in international trade for exporting? Employing a unique dataset of U.S. banks' trade finance claims by country, this paper estimates the effect of shocks to the supply of letters of credit on U.S. exports. We show that a one-standard...

In this paper, an endeavor has been made to address the intricacies involved in an international transaction by a Letter of Credit, the different types of Letters of Credit, and the differing obligations of the buyer and seller attached to each of the transactions. In the course of my...

International trade exposes exporters and importers to substantial risks. To mitigate these risks, firms can buy special trade finance products from banks. This paper explores under which conditions and to what extent firms use these products. We find that letters of credit and documentary...

A Short Course in International Payments describes how to use letters of credit and documentary collections, how to grant and obtain credit, and how to use cyberpayments in international trade. The book also has an excellent section on trade documentation