We analyze time use studies to describe how people allocate their time as they age, especially among paid work, unpaid work, leisure, and personal care. We emphasize differences in time allocation between older (i.e., those aged 65+) and younger people; between developed and developing countries;...

In this paper, we use provincial panel data on China for the 2002-19 period to conduct a spatial autocorrelation analysis of household saving rates as well as a dynamic panel analysis of the determinants of household saving rates using a spatial Durbin model. To summarize our main findings, we...

Higher fertility slowly increases the workers-to-retirees ratio over the long run, which can ease the pension financing challenge brought about by population aging. It may or may not increase production per capita. Existing simulation studies all find a positive impact on public finances over...

We first study the dynamic drivers of expenditure on long-term care (LTC) programs, and more specifically, the effects of labour market participation of traditional unpaid caregivers (women aged 40 and older) on LTC spending. Second, we examine spillover effects of a rise on LTC expenditure on...

We study the effect of an increase in the UK state pension age from 65 to 66, a high level internationally, on labour market activity. Despite there being limited financial incentives to retire at the state pension age, we find large effects: the employment rate of 65-year-olds increased by 7.4...

In many countries the private sector is a net creditor while the public sector is a net debtor. Population aging increases the supply of net credit by the private sector because retirees or those approaching retirement accumulate more wealth, including net credit. Population aging leads to...

This paper provides a first assessment of the fiscal and distributional consequences of the ongoing structural changes in the labour markets of EU Member States, mostly driven by technological progress and ageing. Cedefop 2020 Skill forecasts, EUROSTAT population projections and the forecast on...

Asia is home to the most rapidly aging populations in the world. This study focuses on two countries in Asia that are advanced in terms of their demographic transition: the Republic of Korea and Singapore. We developed a demographic and economic state-transition microsimulation model based on...

Background: There is evidence to suggest that the proportion of missing values is slightly higher in the older population resulting in lower completion rates of the EQ-5D. However, existing studies rarely provide a within- sample comparison of feasibility properties across age groups to quantify...

Japan is the oldest society in the world. It has the highest proportion of the population aged 65 and over, a demographic indicator that has been used by demographers for more than a century. One of the main objectives of this study is to apply a new indicator-the cognition-adjusted dependency...

Im Sommer 2022 gleiten Deutschland und Europa von einen akuten Krise in die nächste. Die Coronapan-demie ist nicht bewältigt, zugleich sind die Folgen des russischen Angriffskriegs gegen die Ukraine immer drückender zu spüren. Der erste Teil des Papiers diskutiert das Verhältnis solcher...

In Global South countries, ageing is an incoming phenomenon with socio-spatial implications that are not much explored yet. Global North countries are already facing ageing trends with significant territorial consequences, such as declining populations that contribute to making certain areas...

Heat treatment of products post additive manufacture are considered hugely important since the metallurgical condition post process is suboptimal. In the case of nickel-based superalloys, grain size, precipitate distribution and precipitate size are distinct from wrought equivalents. Appropriate...

Korea’s economy has leaped to high-income status thanks to several decades of sustained high growth. However, population aging and shifts in global demand provide headwinds for future growth and Korea now faces the effects of COVID-19 on economic activity. This paper asseses the expected drag...

A large literature has revived the secular stagnation hypothesis. In this paper, I explore effects of population age structure on investment, consumption and output growth in a long run panel of advanced economies. The evidence is largely consistent with proposed channels for secular stagnation....

The results of China’s recent census, which showed a continued slowing in population growth triggered much discussion of the implications for China’s economic growth potential and knock-on implications for debt sustainability. Demographic projections show a rapidly aging population, implying...

We study the impact of housing wealth and individual preferences on demand for annuities and long-term care insurance (LTCI). We build a multi-state lifecycle model that includes longevity risk and health shocks. The preference is represented by a recursive utility function that separates risk...

Extensive research by demographers and economists has shown that longevity differs across socioeconomic status (SES), with low-educated or low-income people living, on average, shorter lives than their better-endowed and wealthier peers. Therefore, a pension system with a unique retirement age...

Over the year’s countries have experienced a rapid rise in ageing population. With increase in elderly population there has been a significant financial impact forced onto government healthcare institutions. Studies in the past have already stressed on this issue providing alternative...

In hundreds of communities across northern New England, the population is aging rapidly and becoming smaller. The entire country is aging, but northern New England stands out: Among the populations of all US states, those of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont have the top-three highest median...

This paper sets up a two agent small open economy with monopolistically competitive firms and catching up with the Joneses to investigate the labor and capital Laffer curve, taking into account aging population along the line of Auray et al. (2016), Gali and Monacelli (2005), and Trabandt and...

Using data from the European Social Survey 1 (2002) and 9 (2018) we show the development of self-rated health in 17 countries for pre-retirement and post-retirement cohorts. We find a considerable increase of older people reporting good or very good health between 2002 and 2018; this increase is...

This study aims to present a theoretical basis for a selection of a finance source for public service expenditures from among a labor income tax, a consumption tax, and a sales tax. Using an overlapping generations model, we examine the issue of selecting a tax method given an aging population,...

We provide an overview of research that indicates that older women face unique challenges and opportunities with respect to work, retirement, Social Security, and age discrimination law. We present estimates of poverty by age and sex, showing that poverty increases with age for women due to...

Population ageing is often thought to have adverse economic consequences, and economics therefore has a responsibility for contributing to an understanding of ageing. This paper discusses the treatment of population ageing in economic theory and argues that mainstream economics is too narrow and...

In this paper, I propose a life cycle model of occupational choice with endogenous health behavior, aging, and longevity. Health-demanding work leads toa faster accumulation of health deficits and is remunerated with a hazard markup onwages. Health deficit accumulation is also influenced by...

Population ageing has brought about debates over potential labour shortages in many countries, particularly Canada. With women's participation stagnating and immigration raising heated debates, harnessing the labour supply from the underemployed could be an alternative for compensating for an...

The aging of population and workforce has significantly impacted living conditions in society and organizations around the world. This scenario represents a challenge for public policymakers and for the labor market, whose future depends on the maintenance of the work capacity of the older...

The euro area, like many other advanced economies, has entered an era of drastic demographic change. Without appropriate policy responses, population ageing in the euro area is posing formidable challenges for potential growth, monetary policy and public finances. This paper examines - from a...

This study addresses a lack of knowledge of how US multinational organizations are preparing for an ageing workforce. The study took the form of a qualitative multiple-case study, comprising in depth semi-structured interviews of senior managers in target companies selected through purposive...

This paper uses the task-content-of-occupations framework to analyze trends in employment and wages of female and male workers in the Indian labor market from 1994 to 2017. Workers are classified into four main occupational categories: nonroutine cognitive, routine cognitive, nonroutine manual,...

This paper empirically examines the effect of population growth on real interest rates. Although this effect is well founded in macroeconomic theory, the corresponding empirical results have been rather tenuous. Demographic interest rate theories are typically based on long-term relationships...

There is a widely held belief that older students, by virtue of being more mature and readier to learn at school entry, may have better academic, employment, and earnings outcomes compared to their younger counterparts. There are understated, albeit important, costs to starting school later,...