This brief describes the results of the labor market module, which tracks changes in employment status, job type, and labor earnings. Job- and earnings-related outcomes are tracked in three periods: (a) in January 2020; (b) at the time of the first lockdowns (March-April 2020), through a series of...

This paper reveals a new determinant of wage markdowns at the firm level, namely, the product scope. Using matched employer-employee data on Danish manufacturing firms, we document a negative elasticity between wages and firm scope, which is of a similar magnitude but opposite sign as the...

While agriculture remains a key source of livelihoods in rural Africa, employment in other economic sectors is gaining in importance. However, details of the labor conditions are under-researched. Here, we examine labor conditions in different sectors of the rural economy using survey data from...

We study a dynamic principal-agent setting in which both sides learn about the importance of effort. The quality of the agent's output is not observed directly. Instead, the principal jointly designs an evaluation technology and a wage schedule. More precise performance evaluation reduces...

This paper analyzes the possibility of creating worker cooperatives in which members are paid not through wages but through dividends calculated on the organization's residual income, as stipulated by the economic theory of the labor-managed firm. It is shown how dividends paid to members can be...

Do employers seek to attract individuals with more education because it enhances human capital or because it signals higher levels of pre-existing traits? We experimentally vary master's degree completion rates on applicant r'esum'es and examine how this influences candidates' desirability and...

Personality traits, preferences, and attitudes significantly influence labor market outcomes, and these non-cognitive skills are shaped by the social environment. While curriculum interventions can impact these skills, the effect of compulsory education on noncognitive skills is less well...

This study examines the short-term effects of the introduction of a statutory minimum wage in Germany on hourly wages, monthly wages and paid working hours. We exploit a novel panel dataset by linking the Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) 2014 and the Earnings Survey (ES) 2015 and apply a...

Short-time work (STW) has been widely used, both during the Great Recession and the COVID crisis, to preserve jobs. In most European countries, the implementation of STW schemes is often the result of bargaining between trade unions and employers, yet very little is known about the role of...

This paper examines the wage implications of temporary migration for two cohorts of Italian Ph.D.s. Special attention is given to the duration of the international experience, its contribution to earned wages and the selectivity of returnees. Returnees are found to be a self-selected group whose...

The creation of stable and high-paying jobs by private firms is a first-order issue for Low-and-Medium Income Countries (LMICs). Little is known as to whether trade liberalization helps achieve this goal. In this study, we investigate the impact of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA),...

Using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) for 1994-2023, we show that the union wage mark-up for immigrants averages about 0.1 log points, 0.04 log-points less than that for natives. Therefore, unionization is less beneficial for immigrants than natives in the United States. The...

Whether and how workers search on the job depends on their beliefs about pay and working conditions in other firms. Yet little is known about workers' knowledge of outside pay. We use a large-scale survey of full-time German workers, linked to their Social Security records, to elicit pay...

We leverage rich data from a prominent online job board in Uruguay to assess directed search patterns in job applications, focusing on posted wages and advertised non-wage amenities. We find robust evidence of directed search based on posted wages in the cross-section, with stark heterogeneity...

This study analyzes earnings volatility in Austria from 1980 to 2018, providing a comprehensive view of individual income instability and its demographic and structural determinants. Using administrative data, we examine volatility trends by gender, age, earnings deciles, and employment...

The motherhood penalty is well-documented, but what happens at the other end of the reproductive spectrum? Menopause - a transition often marked by debilitating physical and psychological symptoms - also entails substantial costs. Using population-wide Norwegian and Swedish data and...

Hospitals, schools, councils and other parts of the public sector are a major employer in Scotland. The public sector paybill is also a substantial part of government spending. Recent years have seen larger-than-expected increases in both public sector employment and pay, the latter driven by...

Do employers seek to attract individuals with more education because it enhances human capital or because it signals higher levels of pre-existing traits? We experimentally vary master's degree completion rates on applicant résumés and examine how this influences candidates' desirability and...

Do employers seek to attract individuals with more education because it enhances human capital or because it signals higher levels of pre-existing traits? We experimentally vary master’s degree completion rates on applicant résumés and examine how this influences candidates’ desirability...

Life-cycle wage growth rates vary significantly across countries. In this paper, we examine the role of the local distribution of firm productivity in shaping life-cycle wage profiles by introducing a random search model that disentangles the effects of firm productivity distribution, on-the-job...

The rapid advancements in the domain of artificial intelligence (AI) have exerted a considerable influence on the labor market, thereby engendering alterations in the demand for specific skills and the structure of employment. This study aims to evaluate the extent of exposure to AI within the...

This paper examines the relationship between wages and market power at the firm level. We derive firm-specific measures of labor market power and present a natural decomposition of wage changes into shifts in labor market power and labor productivity. Our findings indicate that 50-60 percent of...

This study investigates the relationship between the urban wage premium and employer concentration using Swedish full population employer-employee data. Departing from an AKM modeling framework to distinguish worker from firm specific heterogeneity - a measure of rent-sharing - we then measure...

We use US longitudinal survey data to examine the role of performance pay (other than profit sharing) in worker quit decisions. We argue that performance pay should increasingly be viewed as an indicator of an internal labor market rather than of a simple contemporaneous incentive. Suggestive of...

We first review research about income and earnings volatility and second provide new UK evidence about the latter using high quality administrative record data. The USA stands out as a high volatility country relative to the UK and other high-income countries, but volatility levels have remained...