Zur Verbesserung der Zahlungsbilanzsituation wurde in den USA zum 1.1.1972 das Gesetz über die «Domestic International Sales Corporation (DISC)» verabschiedet. Infolge dieses Gesetzes können amerikanische Exporteure unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen einen Steueraufschub für einen Teil ihrer...

Die Studie untersucht das österreichische Soft-Loan-Verfahren vor dem Hintergrund seiner Zielsetzungen: Förderung der Markterschließung, Erhöhung des Exportvolumens, Realisierung kommerzieller Nachfolgeprojekte sowie technologische Spill-over-Effekte im Geberland und entwicklungspolitischer...

El concepto de innovación exportadora, tal como se utiliza en este estudio, adopta la definición de la Organización de Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE), que pone el foco en la innovación dentro de la propia empresa (producto, proceso, comercialización u organización).La...

Trade costs matter, in particular for small island developing countries, such as Pacific island Countries (PICs), given their economic size and remoteness from the world markets. This paper examines whether PICs' performance in cross-border trade costs is informed by the extent of their...

Trade in health products has been flourishing in recent years as the demand for better health has been growing throughout the world. At the same time, trade in health products is hampered by substantive trade barriers. In this paper, we present evidence that countries around the world still...

Trade costs such as applied tariffs, transportation and insurance costs are amplified as they pass through the multiple production steps associated with modern supply chains. This so-called "cascade effect" arises since trade costs accumulate as intermediate goods are imported and then...

Understanding the impact of international trade on the use of water resources provides a set of interesting ideas and concepts to further strengthen the global sustainable development agenda. This paper investigates and devises the direct and indirect links between international trade and water...

Trade facilitation policies intend to simplify administrative processes and accelerate the handling of shipments across borders. Recent research shows that these policies have substantial effects on trade flows. In this chapter, we discuss what the existing evidence for trade implies for the...

The frequency, severity and economic impact of natural disasters are growing. Import surges resulting from disaster-response efforts can highlight underlying structural failings in the border clearance regimes of disaster-affected countries. Relief supplies, specialized personnel and agencies...

The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS) is the most successful legally binding instrument of the World Customs Organization (WCO) with 156 contracting parties. More and more countries and economic regions are applying the HS nomenclature worldwide. But not all member states...

Digital trade facilitation refers to the application of modern information and communication technologies (ICTs) to simplify and automate international trade procedures. It is rapidly becoming essential to maintaining trade competitiveness and enabling effective participation in cross-border...

El presente estudio revisa varios programas e instrumentos financieros para apoyar la innovación exportadora de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) en 9 países de América Latina, Australia y Canadá. La innovación exportadora se refiere a todas las actividades en una empresa orientadas...

This paper provides estimates of trade costs of the Philippines with her key trading partners, and develops a framework for assessing their welfare cost. With tariff restrictions reduced significantly following several rounds of multilateral and regional trade negotiations, non-tariff barriers...

Although the manufacturing sector is known to have a unique role in structural transformation, the industries without smokestacks that include tradable services (e.g., IT, tourism, transport), horticulture, and agro-industry can provide new opportunities for export development in low-income...

Introduction : time to delve into the genesis, course and accord of trade facilitation -- Free trade is not for free -- Rise of trade facilitation -- An international accord on trade facilitation? -- The long and arduous journey of trade facilitation in the WTO -- Growth of the Agreement on...

1. Firm Internationalisation and Investment Attraction: An Introduction to Foreign Direct Investment in Central-Eastern European Countries -- 2. Place Marketing, Promotion and Investment Attraction -- 3. Regional Product, Its Image and the Politics of Investment Attraction -- 4. Regional...

Improvements in the land route between India and Pakistan can help lower transaction costs which can play in important role in realizing the trade potential between the two countries. Connecting India and Pakistan by the land route offers gains not only to the two countries but would spread over...

The average international trade transaction is subject to numerous procedural and documentation requirements, which add to the costs of doing business as an importer or exporter and also use up scarce government resources. While these requirements can be necessary to fulfil policy objectives,...

The scope and depth of bilateral and regional preferential trade agreements (RTAs) negotiated over the past 15 years has expanded beyond traditional market access and preferential tariffs to include provisions on a wide range of issues, including trade facilitation. This study is a first attempt...

In the global recession of 2009, exports declined precipitously in many countries. We illustrate with firm-level data for Belgium and Peru that the decline was very sudden and almost entirely due to lower export sales by existing exporters. After the recession, exports rebounded almost equally...

For small open economies, it is essential that many firms find their way to the export market and most governments provide some form of export promotion assistance. We use detailed firm-level data for Flanders, the largest region in Belgium, to evaluate whether its program raises firms'...

This study analyses the role of Aid for Trade in reducing trade costs in least developed countries (LDCs). The analysis builds on questionnaires and case stories submitted as part of the Aid-for-Trade monitoring and evaluation exercise for the Fifth Global Review of Aid for Trade. Trade costs...

In East Africa, there have been numerous concerns over logistics efficiency. Among them, the regional integration of the trucking industry is perceived as a major problem. This paper utilizes a combination of unpublished data surveys and published data (mainly port data) to assess the extent of...