We study the relationship between offshoring and the prevalence and intensity of labor market imperfections at the firm level in Belgium and the Netherlands. Wage-markup pricing stemming from workers' monopoly power is more prevalent than wage-markdown pricing originating from firms' monopsony...

We study long-run environmental impacts of trade liberalization on US manufacturing by exploiting a plausibly exogenous reduction in US trade policy uncertainty: the conferral of Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) to China. Using detailed data on establishment-level pollution emissions and...

We study the relationship between offshoring and the prevalence and intensity of labor market imperfections at the firm level in Belgium and the Netherlands. Wagemarkup pricing stemming from workers' monopoly power is more prevalent than wagemarkdown pricing originating from firms' monopsony...

Offshoring continues to be an important dimension of firms' internationalization choices. However, offshoring also increases contract enforcement costs by inhibiting the coordination and monitoring of performance. Immigrant employees may reduce such costs through their specific knowledge of the...

Since 2008, private Chinese family wealth has been rapidly expatriated overseas. Chinese citizens are currently transferring money out of the country at a rate of around 450 billion USD per year (Fan 2016). One industry study estimates that 60 percent of Chinese citizens with a net worth of more...

The focus of this study was to learn from the operational variabilities in offshore wind projects by investigating the overall delays in offshore wind projects related to arrival time (flow) or job time (process-time) variability. This research was motivated by the general understanding that...

This paper develops a two-country Kaleckian model in which "Northern" firms invest a fixed fraction of total investment in foreign affiliates in the low-wage "South" in order to offshore the production of intermediate goods over time and lower overall labour costs. On the back of this setup...

This roadmap provides strategic analysis of the offshore wind development potential in the Philippines, considering the opportunities and challenges under different, hypothetical growth scenarios. The goal is to provide evidence to support the Government of the Philippines in establishing...

This study aims to resolve the difficult problem of manufacturers’ service outsourcing strategy decision-making, with services divided into two types: hygienic and motivational. We build a value creation model for the manufacturer, service contractor, and customer under different outsourcing...

This paper analyses the effect of offshoring (i.e., the relocation of activities previously performed in-house to foreign countries) on various firm outcomes (domestic employment, production, and productivity). It uses data from the International Sourcing Survey (ISS) 2017 for Germany, linked to...

Disruptions to global value chains (GVCs) - caused by conflicts, natural disasters, and accidents that close transport routes - and that affect specific regions or sectors, are not unusual. However, in recent years and amid the Covid-19 pandemic, they have become more frequent and severe. High...

Developing countries are often seen as unquestionable beneficiaries in the phenomenal rise of global value chains in international trade. Offshoring-the cross-border trade in intermediate goods and services which facilitate country-level specialization in subsets of production tasks-enables an...

I use novel high-quality survey data on firms' international sourcing activities combined with firm-level financial and linked employer-employee data to study the effect of services offshoring on wages and employment. To overcome the endogeneity related to reverse causality and omitted...

We analyse firms' sourcing decisions under institutional uncertainty in foreign countries. Firms can reduce their uncertainty by observing offshoring firms' behaviour. The model characterises a sequential offshoring equilibrium path, led by the most productive firms in the market. With multiple...

This paper examines the relationship between offshoring and the prevalence and intensity of labor market imperfections at the firm level. For this purpose, we use Belgian and Dutch manufacturing firm-level data over the period 2009-2017 from Business registers and VAT declarations combined with...

Background: Dual-level stochastic programming is a technique that allows modelling uncertainty at two different levels, even when the time granularity differs vastly between the levels. In this paper we study the problem of determining the optimal fleet size and mix of vessels performing...

We study whether misinvoicing in international trade is reflected in cross-border bank accounts as reported by offshore financial centres. We show that residents hold more offshore wealth when local misinvoicing practices thrive, especially for under-invoiced exports of natural resources. These...

This paper unpacks the role of the domestic content of imports as a novel source of policy interdependence along the global supply chain. We show how a rise in local contents embodied in imports can skew national trade policy preferences, and pull upstream and downstream countries in asymmetric...

Ownership of real estate through corporations in offshore tax havens creates opportunities for tax evasion and money laundering and may have undesirable effects in housing markets. In this paper, we study offshore ownership of real estate in the United Kingdom by combining several data sources:...

In 2020, EU companies imported intermediate products worth 2.4 trillion euros, which made up more than half of total merchandise imports of the EU. Compared to the pre-crisis year 2019, imports of intermediates decreased by 13 percent, partly driven by the lower fuel prices. A detailed analysis...

Overall, decoupling from certain countries may be both politically necessary and economically feasible, at least in the long run. However, a general shift of production back to Europe would be accompanied by significant losses in real income.

In this paper, I provide novel evidence on the effects of offshoring and automation (e.g. industrial robots, 3-D printing machines) on the relative demand for different age groups of workers in manufacturing and service industries of eleven developed countries in 1996--2005. I find that while...

In November 2021, Suzhou Industrial Park State-Owned Assets Holding Development Co. Ltd. issued a free trade zone (FTZ) offshore bond in Shanghai FTZ. This bond issuance included various innovative attempts, representing a move to implement national strategies such as Yangtze River Delta...

China has been promoting the internationalization of the RMB for two decades now, and as a result, its offshore foreign exchange market has been substantially revitalized, even though China’s capital market remains partially open. The movements of offshore exchange rates can provide crucial...