Joint Institutional Frameworks in bilateral relations are circumscribed in policy scope, can lack adequate instruments for dynamic adaptation and provide limited access to decision-making processes internal to the contracting parties. Informal governance, the involvement of private actors as...

What are the characteristics of President Moon Jae-in's policy toward North Korea, and what lessons can be drawn for the future? More than 70 years have passed since the establishment of the two republics in 1948, during which continuous attempts have been made to achieve reconciliation, peace,...

Using qualitative methods, this article focuses on the relationship between the COVID-19 health crisis and China’s foreign policy and foreign relations. My main argument is that since its outbreak in late 2019, the COVID-19 health crisis has deepened the tensions already existing between China...

The topicality of the international political economy is determined by the complexity and dynamism of transformation processes in the world economic system, which are developing through information networks and financial technologies. The purpose of the article is to reveal the meta-theory...

India has risen internationally since the 1990s. The most important reasons for this success are its economic reforms since 1991 and new inter­national constellations since the East-West conflict. Both have earned the country a significantly greater say on global issues, but India’s rise is...

Chinese foreign policy is at the crossroads of regional interests and global power rivalry in the Middle East, especially in Iran. China's interests in the Middle East increasingly collide with those of the US, which has brought about a significant re-orientation of Chinese foreign policy on...

Although electricity grids shape and define both political and economic spaces, the geopolitical significance of electricity remains underestimated. In political communities and beyond, such grids establish new channels for projecting geopolitical influence and new spheres of influence. In the...

Turkey's neo-Eurasianist ideologues describe themselves as “Kemalist Eurasianists”. They argue that “Eurasianism calls for a cultural, military, political and commercial alliance with Turkey’s eastern neighbors, notably Russia, Iran, the Turkic countries of Central Asia, and even...

Over the past three decades, the Republic of Korea (hereinafter, Korea) has shown a great commitment to cooperating with ASEAN member states and India. Starting with the establishment of a sectoral dialogue partnership in 1989, Korea has developed a comprehensive partnership with ASEAN over the...

The European Union (EU) is one of the oldest dialogue partners of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Relations between the two blocs began in 1972 and were initially focused on trade and investments. Over the years, ASEAN-EU relations expanded and developed to include economic,...

In this policy brief, Robert C. Blitt explores how the Kremlin continues to deepen its reliance on the Russian Orthodox Church-Moscow Patriarchate (ROC) as a lever of soft power in Russian foreign policy. Constitutional amendments ratified in July 2020 suggest that this church-state partnership...

Region-building as an international practice is becoming a widespread strategy promoted by regional and global powers. Asia-Pacific and – broader – Indo-Pacific are vast functional spaces experiencing the employment of the strategy. The active promotion of different competing projects...

Poland's progressive integration with the European Union has led to the extensive application of EU law within the Polish judiciary. This also applies to other acts of international law. The changes are clearly observed in civil procedure, where new instruments of EU and international law are...

This paper makes the case that time is ripe for the countries in southeast and northeast Asia to actively seek greater integration with India. The case is based on two arguments. First, China has emerged as an increasingly aggressive and belligerent power bringing it into conflict with its...

The Aegean conflict constitutes a dispute that has been affecting Greek-Turkish bilateral relations for the last five decades. It involves elements such as sovereignty, sovereign rights and national security. This paper suggests that the Torres Strait Treaty, an international agreement that...

The paper analyses developments before May 2021 when presented to a teleconference held in Le Havre, France.It considers that particular rhetoric of change hides a bipartisan continuity in international trade policies of the U.S.toward China, and Eurasia. Accordingly, it tried to determine...

The article analyzes major trade and economic trends of U.S. and China conflicts from the perspectives of International Relations' theories. USA and China are major world powers in terms of politics, economics, and military. Because of their economies’ scale and importance in global trade,...

Facing the sanctions from the West since the annexation of Crimea in 2014, Russia quickly converged to a strong counter-sanction strategy. The US and the EU staggered the strengths of sanctions in turns, with the EU first imposing relatively stronger commercial sanctions first and the US...

It is widely accepted that in the last two centuries, liberalism has delivered unprecedented levels of economic prosperity and freedoms to large parts of the world. But liberal history has a darker side: its failure to deliver the promise of liberty and equality to all increasingly appears not...

Geopolitical conflicts have increasingly been a driver of trade policy. We study the potential effects of global and persistent geopolitical conflicts on trade, technological innovation, and economic growth. In conventional trade models the welfare costs of such conflicts are modest. We build a...

The war that broke out after Russia's aggression against Ukraine is not limited to battlefields, and the information, trade, and financial wars are reaching their peak. This article discusses the trade and financial war and its impact on Azerbaijan's international and regional integration...

The donation and sale of vaccines are diplomatic tools that have impact well beyond health policies. Having been more successful than Western capitals in controlling Covid-19 at home, Beijing then felt confident about engaging in the distribution and sale of shots around the world. May Chinese...

The worrying trajectory of US economic strength relative to China signals a need to reassess the US’ rules of engagement on trade and investment with our principal economic rival. China is turning more authoritarian, more focused on self-sufficiency, challenging US dominance in critical...

Unless there is stricter gatekeeping and hierarchy in IR, the discipline runs the risk of ending up like philosophy and history, or worse, like some social science disciplines such as sociology and anthropology, which the infiltration and proliferation of ideological research has rendered...

The Russian–Ukrainian war has its own post-Soviet history. The initial big mistake of the West was that with the collapse of the USSR, many politicians and experts in the West considered that the Cold War of the times of the Soviet Union was over. After the collapse of the USSR, Russia was...

This paper presents the hypothesis that there is a hierarchy between nations, and the class assigned to each nation is determined by the geopolitical nature. Hegemonic nations tend to want to give higher classes in order of geopolitical proximity in order to secure their national security, and...

As the EU’s competences and activities in external relations expand, more and more documents held by EU institutions potentially fall within the scope of the ‘international relations’ and ‘defence and military matters’ exception contained in the EU’s Access to Documents Regulation...

Any conflict with a nuclear power like Russia carries the risk that nuclear weapons could be used, and President Vladimir Putin is aggressively exploiting such concerns. With its nuclear threats, the Kremlin is moving away from Russia’s doctrine that ascribes a protective role to its nuclear...

The war in Ukraine is set to increase the pressure on Turkey's balancing policy, shed light on the role of anti-Westernism in Ankara-Moscow relations, and reshape Turkey's relations with Russia and the West. The balancing policy will face a less permissive environment. However, a rupture in...

Turkey and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are taking steps to mend their ties. The UAE, it seems, is eager to refashion its image as a bridge-builder in regional politics and hedge its options in the face of the US downsizing its regional security commitments in the Middle East. Turkey, on its...