Since the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a significant rise in the number of people getting health-related benefits. In England and Wales, 4 million 16- to 64-year-olds (1 in 10) now claim either disability or incapacity benefits, up from 2.8 million in 2019 (1 in 13). One potential...

Pregnancy accommodation laws require "reasonable accommodations" for pregnant workers, i.e., sitting down, lifting restrictions, and additional bathroom breaks. Although these laws may make it easier for women to remain employed during pregnancy, as a mandated benefit, they may also discourage...

Female workers in China have a de jure right to maternity benefits, as enshrined in policy and legal documents since the 1950s. This article examines why this entitlement is not always de facto guaranteed as stipulated in the legislation. We use the conceptual framework of gradual institutional...

In recent years, there has been a large increase in health-related benefit claims in England, the underlying causes of which are still not well understood. The concurrent increase in NHS waiting lists and waiting times has been suggested as one possible contributing factor. In this report, we...

Do households value access to free health insurance when making labor supply decisions? We address this question by exploiting the 2002 introduction of universal health insurance in Mexico (Seguro Popular, SP), that broke the link between access to health care and job contract. Reduced-form...

In this paper, we argue that adjustments in non-wage compensation are empirically relevant and have important implications for understanding the effects of labor supply shocks. We examine the labor market impacts of internal migration in Brazil through a shift-share approach, which combines...

We examine who bears the costs of mandated workplace pension programs, exploiting the quasi-experimental rollout of automatic enrollment in the UK. Total compensation (take-home pay plus employer contributions) increases, driven by employer contributions, while the amount of take-home pay...

This article reviews the current debate about sick pay mandates and medical leave in the United States. The United States is one of three industrialized countries that do not guarantee access to paid sick leave for all employees. We first provide a categorization of the different paid leave...

Individuals in the UK with health conditions may be entitled to two types of benefits - incapacity benefits (for those whose condition prevents them from working) and disability benefits (to help with extra living costs arising from the disability). Since the onset of the pandemic, there has...

Individuals in the UK with health conditions may be entitled to two types of benefits - incapacity benefits (for those whose condition prevents them from working) and disability benefits (to help with extra living costs arising from the disability). Since the onset of the pandemic, there has...

This article reviews the current debate about sick pay mandates and medical leave in the United States. The United States is one of three industrialized countries that do not guarantee access to paid sick leave for all employees. We first provide a categorization of the different paid leave...

When a firm offers health benefits to workers, it exposes the firm to the risk of making payments when workers get sick. A firm can either pay health expenses out of its general assets, keeping the risk inside the firm, or it can purchase insurance, shifting the risk outside the firm. Using data...

This Article interrogates the current and future role of employer-sponsored health insurance in reproductive choice, revealing the magnitude of impact that employers’ insurance coverage choices have on Americans’ access to reproductive care, as well as the legal infrastructure that...

Millions of workers in Ontario have no access to supplemental health and dental benefits that reimburse most costs for prescription drugs, dental, vision and mental health services. These services are indisputably essential to good health, productivity and financial security for workers and...

Over half of the U.S. population receives health insurance through an employer, with employer premium contributions creating a flat "head tax" per worker, independent of their earnings. This paper develops and calibrates a stylized model of the labor market to explore how this uniquely American...

It is unknown how labor market concentration impacts employee health benefits. We combine data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey - Insurance/Employer Component with the Longitudinal Business Database for 2002-2019 to examine how labor market concentration affects contributions to plan...

This research on the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility in maintaining a sustainable competitive advantage in the health insurance industry was carried out because of poor performance of health insurance organizations such as First Mutual Health Zimbabwe, Zimnat Lion Insurance...

In order to achieve universal health coverage, the full involvement of informal-sector workers in healthinsurance schemes is necessary. In Tanzania, measures targeting informal-sector workers have been evolving over time. Earlier researchers reported low participation of such workers in the...

Public Benevolent Institutions (PBIs) are a class of charity which are entitled to access a Fringe Benefits Tax (FBT) Concession. We explore the history of this concession and how it has evolved since its introduction. The paper also identifies barriers which inhibit access to the FBT Concession...

About two-thirds of U.S. farm households are employed off the farm. Off-farm sources represent 85 percent of the income earned by the average farm household and have turned into their main source of health insurance coverage. Farmers receive various government farm program payments, including...

This paper investigates the sources of information and their quality as accessible to the government of the Federal Republic of Germany when trying to assess the situation of company funded pensions between 1949 and 1985 for the Company Pension Act of 1974. By taking a closer look at multiple...

Fifty percent of the U.S. population gets health insurance through an employer, and roughly half of employers only offer one health plan. There- fore, the choices made by firms about what plan(s) to offer are critical to understanding the health insurance available to workers. This paper focuses...

Entrepreneurs are hailed as economic heroes and drivers of job growth. Yet in analysis of Current Population Survey data of U.S. residents between the ages of 50 and 64, this study demonstrates that entrepreneurs disproportionately lack health insurance and workplace retirement savings program...

Despite the magnitude and variety of benefits paid to faculty, there has been little attention given to these benefits. It is important to evaluate how and why faculty benefits vary by institution. In this study, I focused on the levels of benefits provided by four-year institutions to faculty....

Workplace benefits now comprise roughly one-third of total employee compensation. At the same time, the choice of benefits has grown increasingly complex. Using a novel survey at 15 universities linked with administrative data on retirement accounts, we examine employee decision-making related...

Employers may respond to minimum wage increases by adjusting their health benefits. We examine the impact of state minimum wage increases on employer health benefit offerings using the 2002-2020 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey – Insurance/Employer Component data. Our primary regression...

This chapter reviews the analysis of non-wage amenities in the workplace. The competitive model is the point of departure, but the emphasis is on models of imperfect competition that have greater empirical relevance. In addition to the traditional hedonic model for estimating preferences over...

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) changed incentives for individual and employer-sponsored insurance. Using unique small group market (SGM) data with detailed claims and enrollment information, we analyze the welfare gains across households in the SGM from alternative formulations of ACA health...

I develop a search model of the labor market in which acute illness prevents workers from engaging in labor market activities to better understand the productivity-enhancing effects of employer-sponsored health insurance (ESHI). On top of bargaining over wages and ESHI coverages, I model the...

Recent declines in job tenure have coincided with a shift away from traditional defined benefit (DB) pensions, which reward long tenure. Recent evidence also points to an increase in job-to-job movements by workers, and we document gains in relative wages of job-to-job movers over a similar...

We examine whether the decline in the availability of employer-provided health insurance is a phenomenon common to all jobs or is concentrated only on certain jobs. In particular, we investigate the extent to which employers have continued to provide health insurance on what we term reducing the...

Typically, health insurance premiums depend at least in part on the previous costs of the insuring firm, a factor termed 'experience rating'. This link between health status and future premiums raises concerns of market failure, since it limits the ability of firms to insure the price at which...

Over the last two decades, employers have increasingly offered workers a choice of health plans. The availability of choice has the potentially beneficial effects of lowering the cost and increasing the quality of health care through greater competition among health plans for enrollees as well...