Because of convergence, initial income is an important explanatory variable in many growth regressions. Its omission can lead to misspecification bias that may seem to – but still does not – contradict the common albeit somewhat controversial empirical finding that natural resources, if not...

The climate crisis requires a transition from a fossil-fuel energy system to renewable energy which is heavily reliant on the so-called critical minerals. Both sets of resources are finite/non-renewable and have been widely used for generations. Previous energy related studies have identified...

This paper explores the economic consequences of (taxing) power fragmentation using both theory and data. We first formalize tax policy as the result of interministerial competition where the Minister of Finance ('Guardian') and the Minister of Mines ('Spender') have distinct objective...

The need for developing countries to increase their domestic revenue has always been relevant, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, which weakened their public finances. This paper analyses the dynamic treatment effects of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI)...

African governments are entering the geopolitical competition over critical raw materials with a growing sense of strategic confidence. While the AU-EU Summit in Luanda in November 2025 reaffirmed political commitments on both sides, European initiatives continue to lose ground. It is true that...

This paper develops a novel text-based approach to identify CRM-saving innovation using patent data and studies how mineral price signals shape the direction of technological change. Using patent data from 1978–2020, we distinguish technologies that rely on CRMs from those that explicitly aim...

This paper examines the untapped fiscal potential of natural resources in the Central African Republic, focusing on the forestry and mining sectors. The paper analyzes current production levels, tax systems, and revenue generation in both sectors, and identifies significant opportunities for...

This paper explores the global landscape of civil resistance to mineral extraction and its implications for the political sustainability of the energy transition. As global demand for critical minerals accelerates in association with the energy transition, there is a growing imperative to secure...

While the concept of energy security - also known as security of supply - entered mainstream policy discourse in the 1970s following the two oil crises, its foundations were laid long before the 20th century. For millennia, as societies derived multiple utilities from natural resources and...

The objective of providing European Climate Law-aligned pathways and the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) underpinning them is to offer a reference that companies can draw on to prepare their transition plans. By addressing an intermediate level between companies and the EU's economy-wide...

The objective of providing European Climate Law-aligned pathways and the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) underpinning them is to offer a reference that companies can draw on to prepare their transition plans. By addressing an intermediate level between companies and the EU's economy-wide...

This publication is intended to provide a wider audience with the opportunity to access updated information on 1,888 significant mineral deposits located in Africa. It fills a critical information gap on the continent's current and potential future mineral endowment-including for battery...

In the contemporary global landscape, understanding the nexus between financial inclusion and natural resource abundance is crucial, especially for resource-rich nations. This study uses diagnostic tests and method of moments quantile regression to examines this interplay across Australia,...

The entire world has been trying to expedite the transition to digital governance since it escalates the efficiency of an economy. However, the impacts of digital governance on natural resources are not well-explored. Given this background, this study intends to probe the dynamic effect of...

The current study extends the existing literature by exploring the moderating role of governance in the association between natural resources and economic growth. Using a large range of periods (1996-2019) of 48-Asian economies as a sample, this study employs the system GMM and FMOLS models to...

Peru's mining wealth holds the promise to substantially accelerate potential growth. However, many mining projects have been stalled for several years due to conflicts with local communities that feel excluded from the benefits. Although local governments receive nearly 2 percent of GDP in...

Economic super-powers are racing to control critical minerals in developing economies fueling conflict, environmental damage and poverty. In this paper, we first explore what could well constitute a new “critical minerals curse”. We then highlight the dualism of institutions required for...

Gegenstand der Studie ist die Untersuchung der langfristigen Nachfrage nach mineralischen Primär- und Sekundärrohstoffen im Bereich Steine und Erden unter Zugrundelegung verschiedener Szenarien in Hinblick auf die gesamtwirtschaftliche Entwicklung. Auf der Grundlage einer Projektion des BIP,...

Zambia aspires to be a prosperous middle-income country by 2030. To that end, the Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) has set out an aggressive economic diversification and industrialization agenda driven by the agriculture, mining, manufacturing, and tourism sectors. With regards to...

Global demand for specific mineral raw materials is increasing, driven largely by the energy and digital transition. Although the EU is making efforts to boost domestic supply, it will remain highly dependent on imports of those minerals from third countries to achieve strategic autonomy in...

As the demand for critical minerals to the energy transition strongly grows, it is crucial to understand whether their supply is able to match it. In this paper, we address this question by estimating the price elasticity of supply for 8 minerals between 2000 and 2019, using mine-level...