This report, developed under the World Bank’s technical assistance program “Financial and Private Sector Development Policies for Fostering Sustainable Growth in Brazil,” examines strategies for strengthening disaster risk financing in response to floods. It provides an overview of federal...

This report examines the design and implementation of Devolve ICMS, a state-level personalized value added tax (VAT) cashback program in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, through the lens of the World Bank’s G2Px framework. Using administrative data, a representative beneficiary survey, and...

Local content policies (LCPs) are key instruments of industrial policy used by middle-income countries (MICs) to capture segments of global value chains (GVCs). While, in principle, LCPs are very similar, in practice, they are highly diverse. What to prioritize, how to measure it, while...

The goal of this study was to measure and map the agricultural expansion areas for temporary and permanent crops from 1995 to 2023 at the Mato Grosso's microregion level. Data from IBGE were employed, and the methodological approach encompasses three quantitative stages. The results highlight 19...

We estimate the impact of infrastructure investment on conflict using 163 hydroelectric dams in Brazil (2002–2022). Leveraging the staggered rollout of construction in a difference-in-differences framework, we find that dams trigger sharp, temporary surges in land invasions, water disputes,...

Empirical studies of racial wage disparities typically rely on self-reported race and treat racial categories as fixed. This paper shows that racial classification in the labor market is produced by social perception, and that modeling this perception process is essential for measuring wage...

The opportunistic use of insider information generates adverse effects on capital markets, making its mitigation through robust corporate governance practices. This research analyzes the corporate governance mechanisms that reduce the signs of opportunistic insider trading, grounded in the...

How do import tariffs affect employment? We develop an empirical strategy to identify the effects of tariffs using difference-in-differences, comparing anti-dumping (AD) investigations resulting in dumping tariffs to those not resulting in dumping tariffs. We find that an AD tariff decreases...

We study the causal effect of maternal criminal victimization on child health using linked police reports and birth records from Brazil. Focusing on robbery and theft - everyday crimes not involving physical injury - we show that victimization during pregnancy increases low birthweight by 6.9...

This paper studies how improvements in regulatory information systems affect credit allocation in rural financial markets. In 2021, the Central Bank of Brazil introduced major enhancements to the Rural Credit Bureau, first by integrating geospatial data on borrowers’ plots with national...

The rise of fintech lenders has intensified competition in the banking industry. This study utilizes Brazilian bank-level data to examine the causal impact of increased competition on commercial banks’ lending rates and profitability. Employing a bank-specific Bartik exposure, constructed from...

Does industrial activity drive deforestation and land degradation, and can limited state capacity be overcome to decouple economic growth from environmental harm? We examine these questions in the context of slaughterhouse plant openings in Brazil from 1994 to 2019. Guided by a simple conceptual...

Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes aim to break the intergenerational transmission of poverty by fostering human capital accumulation among children in vulnerable households. However, due to data limitations, evidence on their long-run effects remains scarce. This paper contributes to...

The purpose of this Discussion Paper is to present the potential monitoring of SDG 11 implementation in Brazil, based on existing indicators and data within the country, as well as those indicators defined for the group of participating countries that present their national reports. The 10...

Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) is an internationally known tool for organizing and governing marine spaces and activities, economic or otherwise, carried out in these spaces. Being a public process of mapping and analyzing the maritime area that involves multiple interests, actors and factors, it...

The purpose of this Discussion Paper is to present the potential monitoring of SDG 11 implementation in Brazil, based on existing indicators and data within the country, as well as those indicators defined for the group of participating countries that present their national reports. The 10...

Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes aim to break the intergenerational transmission of poverty by fostering human capital accumulation among children in vulnerable households. However, due to data limitations, evidence on their long-run effects remains scarce. This paper contributes to...

The goal of this study was to measure and map the agricultural expansion areas for temporary and permanent crops from 1995 to 2023 at the Mato Grosso's microregion level. Data from IBGE were employed, and the methodological approach encompasses three quantitative stages. The results highlight 19...

This paper examines whether monetary policy shocks affect CO₂ emissions over time in Brazil. We show that CO₂ emissions decline persistently following contractionary monetary policy shocks. The relationship between monetary policy and CO₂ emissions in Brazil is assessed through two...

We estimate the long-term intergenerational mobility (IM) in Brazil, by mesoregion, utiliz ing the methodology developed by Güell, Mora and Telmer (2015) and Güell et al. (2018). Benefiting from the unique features of Brazil, such as data availability on income, edu cation, full names, our...

This study examines the relationship between financial risk tolerance and organizational resilience among small business managers in the Brazilian Northeast, a region strongly affected by economic fragility and intensified uncertainty during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a positivist,...

Context: The Fourth Industrial Revolution has accelerated the integration of automation technologies into the world of work, raising important questions about the future of Vocational Education and Training (VET). While existing literature has primarily focused on the labor market impacts of...

This study aims to assess the potential benefits of energy cooperation among the BRICS countries, with a focus on critical minerals, renewable energy, and low carbon technologies (LCTs). It is argued that the grouping can help reduce vulnerabilities and enhance effective pathways for energy...

This paper proposes a novel assessment of the Kuznets curve for an underdeveloped country engaging in rapid late development. We mobilize new long-run data for Brazil, combining surveys, administrative records, and national accounts statistics, to compute macro-consistent income shares and other...

This study explores the complex relationship between information pollution, polarisation, and democracy in Brazil, a country that has recently experienced both democratic erosion and a pivotal democratic "U-turn". Information pollution - the dissemination of false, misleading or harmful...

Today, the relationship between Brazil and Chile can be characterized by three aspects: i) Brazil and Chile have a bilateral relationship with a regional vocation; ii) Brazil has an integral presence in Chile; and iii) a progressive reduction in distances and an increase in connections (physical...

Health economics (HE) is a relatively new field of knowledge, whose structuring began in the early 1960s, although studies on the intersection between economics and health date back to earlier periods. Considering the contributions of this field to the improvement of the Brazilian health system...

The goal of this study was to measure and map the agricultural expansion areas for temporary and permanent crops from 1995 to 2022 at the Piauí's County level concerning the Matopiba space. Data from IBGE were employed, and the study is based on the Embrapa's technical note (Miranda, Magalhães...

The modern digital public sphere requires effective content moderation systems that balance the interests of states, technology companies, and the public. This article examines how two pieces of legislation establish regulatory intermediaries in an attempt to strike this balance: the EU's...

Teacher turnover is a major challenge for human resource management in schools, adversely affecting student learning. We examine the impact of a monetary incentive program introduced in 2022 in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, which aims to reduce teacher turnover by allocating wage premiums...

The study examines the shift in taxation of open-ended fixed-income funds in Brazil from a realization basis to an accrual basis (locally known as come-cotas), which was introduced in 1998 and more recently extended to include private closed-end funds and offshore trusts through the enactment of...

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of labor earnings volatility in Brazil between 2012 and 2023. During this period, Brazil's economy experienced intense economic growth followed by large recessions, allowing us to assess changes in volatility over the business cycle. In addition,...

The objective of this discussion paper is to examine the geoeconomic landscape following the 2025 election of Donald Trump, focusing on the expansion of protectionism, its repercussions for food security, and its impacts on global value chains, particularly within agribusiness and sectors...

At the end of 2022, Brazil's National Land Transport Agency (ANTT) launched a public hearing on the proposal for a new risk allocation model in road infrastructure concession contracts. This study illustrates, using the real options methodology, how the proposed design modifies the concession's...

Today, the relationship between Brazil and Chile can be characterized by three aspects: i) Brazil and Chile have a bilateral relationship with a regional vocation; ii) Brazil has an integral presence in Chile; and iii) a progressive reduction in distances and an increase in connections (physical...

We examine the indirect effects of the US-China trade war on Brazil’s labor market. Using industry-specific tariff changes and the sectoral employment distribution across local labor markets, we construct a measure of regional exposure to the trade conflict. Following higher exports to China,...

Purpose - Focusing on the Brazilian equity mutual fund industry, this study analyzes whether including the investor sentiment index in asset pricing models is important for explaining fund alpha. Design/methodology/approach The investor sentiment index and risk factors in the Fama and French...

Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) have become a key antipoverty policy in Latin America in the last 25 years. The ultimate goal of this kind of programs is to break the intergenerational transmission of poverty through the promotion of human capital accumulation of children in vulnerable...