Organizational resilience is essential to mitigate severe consequences from crises such as pandemics, geopolitical conflicts, and climate‑related disasters. Enhancing resilience often relies on business continuity management (BCM) and associated continuity plans, which may sometimes fall...

Purpose: We consider the long-term survival of the newsvendor's supply chain (SC). In this regard, the main contribution of this paper is to identify and analyze two risks that threaten it, both derived from the random nature of the demand, which is inherent in the definition of the newsvendor...

A growing body of empirical research has developed measures of economic preferences related to risk taking and intertemporal choice. This research has documented pronounced heterogeneity in preferences across and within societies, and also provided evidence that these differences are culturally...

This report provides a comprehensive review of Disaster Risk Management (DRM) financing in India, with the aim of informing the deliberations of the Sixteenth Finance Commission (SFC). India's geographic and climatic diversity makes effective DRM financing critical to safeguarding communities,...

This study examines the impact of corporate governance on sustainability-related risk in Indian banks across crisis and post-crisis periods. Using data from 37 public and private banks between 2006 and 2018, it analyzes how board characteristics influence liquidity and solvency risk. Panel...

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of the European economy. However, the impact of nature-related risks on SME creditworthiness is still largely unexplored. To address this gap, we incorporate indicators of nature-related risks - namely the Biodiversity Intactness Index,...

This study is based on real options theory and uses a sample of Chinese listed companies from 2000 to 2016 to investigate the dynamic process and mechanisms by which trade policy uncertainty affects the upgrading of enterprises within the global value chain (GVC). The article finds that trade...

This study examines the relationship between financial risk tolerance and organizational resilience among small business managers in the Brazilian Northeast, a region strongly affected by economic fragility and intensified uncertainty during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a positivist,...

Against the backdrop of an accelerated green transition and increasingly stringent climate policies, climate transition risk has emerged as a significant exogenous shock to the financial system. Using a panel of 57 listed commercial banks in China over the period 2010-2024, this study...

Climate change disproportionately threatens low- and middle-income countries, yet integrated assessments combining socio-economic fragility with physical hazards remain limited. This study quantifies multi-dimensional climate vulnerability and derives optimized adaptation policies for six...

The primary objective of this research is to identify, analyse, and compare the development of risk management approaches adopted by Slovak industrial enterprises in two distinct economic periods: during a phase of economic growth (2019) and during a period of global crises and regional crises...

We estimate the effect of neighborhood disorder on dementia risk among middle-aged and older adults in the United States and identify cardiometabolic dysregulation as a mediating biological pathway. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, 2006-2020), we show that exposure to...

This paper develops a risk-based stress-testing framework for emerging microfinance banks using a structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) approach. The model captures the dynamic transmission of key macroeconomic shocks, including economic activity, monetary policy, and exchange-rate movements,...

This knowledge note provides a short overview of IWFRM approaches and select examples of different initiatives and approaches. The objective is to provide a succinct summary that can inform initial research and discussions in countries that are looking to reform their system and identify...

The rapid expansion of small and medium enterprise (SME) lending has intensified the need for accurate and interpretable credit risk forecasting. Financial institutions must anticipate potential business loan delinquency to maintain portfolio stability and meet regulatory standards. This study...

This paper investigates tail-risk transmission and asymmetric dependence in commodity markets using an asymmetric fuzzy vine copula framework applied to gold, crude oil, natural gas, and silver from 1 January 2015 to 1 January 2025, extracted from Yahoo Finance. Bootstrap-based trapezoidal fuzzy...

Businesses increasingly rely on algorithmic systems and machine learning models to make operational decisions about customers, employees, and counterparties. These "algorithmic operations" can improve efficiency but also concentrate liability in a small number of technically complex, drifting...

This study investigates whether Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) serves as a risk-mitigating or cost-inducing signal for firms' market value in an emerging market. Utilising a panel dataset of 120 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (2015-2023) and employing content...

In deregulated electricity markets, Generation Companies (GENCOs) are exposed to substantial financial risk due to volatile and uncertain electricity prices. Traditional generation asset valuation approaches, which rely primarily on expected profit, fail to adequately capture downside risk under...

We propose a quantitative framework to track systemic risk arising from cyber vulnerabilities of the U.S. financial system. Synthesizing financial, economic, cyber, and network data that covers thousands of financial institutions and technological firms, we develop an index that tracks...

Negotiation outcomes are commonly analyzed through equilibrium concepts, yet many agreements fail during implementation for reasons not captured by incentive structure alone This paper introduces a pre-equilibrium screening criterion for bargaining fragility based on a small set of...

This paper aims to explore the impact of climate-related risks on corporate performance, specifically within the healthcare sector.It analyses three key factors: climate risk physical leverage, government climate risk scores and environmental performance scores, using global data from 977 firm...

Central clearing counterparties (CCPs) manage counterparty risk by requiring clearing members to post margins. This paper explores the role of margins as "canaries in the coal mine:" By inducing defaults of fragile counterparties before contract maturity, margin calls enable CCPs to transfer...