This paper explores the intricate relationship between profit rates, exchange rates, and terms of trade in the Brazilian economy from 2000 to 2023. Building on Weisskopf's (1979) decomposition of the profit rate, we demonstrate how exchange rates and terms of trade affect profit share, the...

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of commodity terms of trade (CTOT) shocks on the labour market resilience of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries, comparing the franc zone countries on one hand, from the non-franc zone countries on the other hand. The results from the PVAR...

We study the effect of warehouse receipt financing on terms of trade for farmers. With limited access to credit and storage facilities, farmers are compelled to sell their produce immediately after harvest at unfavourable prices. Warehouse receipt systems allow farmers to obtain loans with the...

Im Gefolge der Preisrückgänge für importierte Rohstoffe hat Deutschland im vergangenen Jahr erhebliche Realeinkommensgewinne eingefahren. Vom preisbereinigten Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP), das zeitgleich leicht gesunken ist, wird dieser Kaufkraftzuwachs nicht abgebildet. Einen umfassenderen...

Extensive economic literature has covered the effect of a natural resource boom on the performance of the manufacturing sector. Specifically, the Dutch Disease hypothesis establishes that increases in commodity prices should lead to a decrease in manufacturing exports, due to significant inflows...

Some countries have voiced unease about differences between their own tariff rates and those of major trading partners, calling for more "reciprocity". These calls raise the question how large the negative spillover effects of countries' tariffs on others have become over time. Given a presumed...

Purpose - Utilizing the Marxist theory of unequal exchange to explain the terms of trade between nations, this paper elucidates one possible mechanism that gives rise to ecologically unequal exchange between developed and developing economies. Design/methodology/approach - We propose a...

Das preisbereinigte Bruttoinlandsprodukt als zentrales Maß für die im Inland erwirtschafte Leistung hat im Jahr 2022 die heimische Wohlfahrtsentwicklung überschätzt. Denn im Gefolge der Verschlechterung der Terms of Trade ist ein Teil des in Deutschland erwirtschafteten Realeinkom- mens ins...

This paper unpacks the role of offshoring in the enforcement of trade agreements. In a two-country model of task offshoring, we show that by depressing demand and thus demand for embodied labor, own-tariff effects on factor content weighted terms of trade are: (i) negative in upstream countries,...

This article discusses three interrelated aspects of Indian economy namely Indian agriculture, terms of trade and WTO’s role in Indian agriculture. International agricultural trade has been described as inexplicable, exasperating, and the most distorted segment of the global economy....

What are the effects of financial integration on global comovement? Using a standard two-country DSGE model, I show that in response to country-specific supply shocks higher exposure to foreign assets leads to lower cross-country output correlations, while the opposite is true for...

This study examines the effects of the Terms of Trade and governance on household income in Africa countries. The study employed the Two-stage Least Squares (2SLS) fixed effects estimation technique based on data from 36 selected African countries for the period, 2002-2021. The findings reveal...

Both real and monetary shocks have been extensively researched, with conflicting findings on the involvement of the banking sector following the occurrence of these shocks. Nonetheless, liquidity creation (LC) appears to be one of the most underappreciated banking operations. This research...

According to conventional wisdom, terms of trade shocks represent a major source of business cycles in emerging and poor countries. This view is largely based on the analysis of calibrated business-cycle models. We argue that the view that emerges from empirical SVAR models is strikingly...

I examine the effect of exogenous terms of trade shocks on an exchange rate by turning to New Zealand's dairy auctions. Dairy is New Zealand's largest export category, making up almost 20 percent of exports. Specifically, whole milk powder accounts for 6 to 11 percent of total exports, and its...

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of commodity terms of trade (CTOT) shocks on the labour market resilience of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries, comparing the franc zone countries on one hand, from the non-franc zone countries on the other hand. The results from the PVAR...

The Prebisch-Singer (PS) hypothesis [Economic Development of Latin America and Its Principal Problems, United Nations Publications: New York, NY, (1950); The Distribution of Gains between Investing and Borrowing Countries, American Economic Review , 40 (1950) 473-485] implies that there should...

This paper seeks to contribute to the debate on the carbon leakage phenomenon via the channel of competitiveness leakage by focusing on China’s bilateral trade. Based on a highly disaggregated database that includes 1,033 products and 117 trade partners from 1995 to 2012, we measure the...

Economic theory suggests that countries' tariff commitments in trade agreements reflect their import market power at the time of negotiations. However, as countries grow, their market power in different sectors can change in unforeseen ways and their commitments may no longer reflect changed...

This paper argues that the increasing adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is a factor that improves the terms of trade of sub-Saharan African (SSA) economies. According to new theories of international trade, ICTs can change the terms of trade by increasing...

In this paper we employ index number theory in addressing the problem of adjusting real national income and real domestic product for changes in a country's terms of trade. More specifically, using recent developments in the theory of production, we address the problems related to measuring: (i)...

Measures of long term trends in world export prices of manufactured goods and in the terms of trade between manufactured goods and primary products are sensitive to the choice of country weights and of base periods and, most important of all, the treatment of quality change. Later base periods...