Cross-country differences in homeownership rates are large and persistent over time, with homeownership rates ranging from 44% in Switzerland to 83% in Spain. This paper investigates whether cultures-defined as behavioral attitudes passed across generations-may value homeownership differently,...

This paper investigates the relationship between financial development and income inequality by taking the role of individuals' talent into account. We measure talent using the direct observations of individuals’ achievements before entering the labor force by using the Program for...

In recent years there has been a plethora of empirical papers by economists concerning the effects of academic rank in school or college on subsequent outcomes of students. We review this recent literature, describing the difficult identification and measurement issues, the assumptions and...

This paper examines and compares the dividend policies of American depository receipt (ADR) firms and U.S. firms and identifies the factors that determine these policies for both types of companies. We find that ADR firms have higher dividend yields than U.S. firms, while U.S. firms have higher...

The proposed Digital Markets Act (DMA) is an opportunity to prevent and remedy anti-competitive conduct by large digital platforms. If the Act is designed in an adequate manner to target specific problems, it can improve the contestability of platform services markets and markets that rely...

We look into determinants (volatility, crises, sentiment and the U.S. ‘fear’ index) of herding using BRICS as our sample. Investors herd selectively to crises and herding is a short-lived phenomenon. Herding was highest during the global financial crisis (only China was affected). There was...

In this study, I will look at the spending role of government and the outcomes of government activity in Europe and Asia. Public spending and performance patterns differ hugely across countries. Asian "tigers" and some advanced countries show low public spending coupled with strong performance...

In dieser Studie zum deutschen Innovationssystem berichtet das ZEW über die Unternehmensdynamik in der deutschen Wirtschaft, mit einem deutlichen Fokus auf die deutsche Wissenswirtschaft. Sie beinhaltet Informationen zum Gründungs- und Schließungsgeschehen 2020 in Deutschland, den einzelnen...

Recent reform proposals in the healthcare systems of Ireland and Northern Ireland have highlighted the need to improve population health and to deliver more care in the community. There are significant variations between the two healthcare systems, providing an opportunity to examine how...

In recent years there has been a plethora of empirical papers by economists concerning the effects of academic rank in school or college on subsequent outcomes of students. We review this recent literature, describing the difficult identification and measurement issues, the assumptions and...

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Stand der Digitalisierung des deutschen Gesundheitssystems im internationalen Vergleich und entwickelt Empfehlungen für ihre weitere Gestaltung. Dafür werden die Entwicklung der Digitalisierung über die letzten beiden Jahrzehnte nachgezeichnet, Ursachen...

The study of loneliness and social isolation has provided a lot of evidence for differences in the prevalence of the two, depending on the context of individuals. Given different social, legal, and economic differences for migrants and refugees, it has been documented that these groups show...

Der demographische Wandel stellt unsere Gesellschaft vor große Herausforderungen. Gleichzeitig macht ein Rückblick auf die vergangene Dekade im deutschen Arbeitsmarkt deutlich, dass der Aufbau zusätzlicher Beschäftigung durch eine verbesserte Erwerbsintegration ein bedeutsamer Schlüssel zur...

Using data for 2017 and 2018, this report provides a comparative analysis of minimum wage employment in Ireland, relative to a selection of other European countries with a statutory minimum wage. We estimate that just under 10 per cent of employees in Ireland were on the minimum wage during this...

In dieser Kurzstudie zu Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) in Staat und Wirtschaft werden ausgewählte Kernindikatoren aktualisiert und analysiert. Im Fokus stehen Indikatoren zur Position Deutschlands im internationalen FuE-Wettbewerb und Kennzahlen zur sektoralen und regionalen Verteilung der...

In dieser Studie berichtet das ZEW über das Gründungs- und Schließungsgeschehen in Deutschland bis zum Jahr 2019, differenziert für die einzelnen Bundesländer und im Vergleich zu anderen europäischen Ländern bis zum Jahr 2018. Zudem wird die Entwicklung des Wagniskapitalmarktes...

Hochentwickelte Volkswirtschaften wie Deutschland können im internationalen Wettbewerb am ehesten mit solchen Dienstleistungen und Gütern Erfolge erzielen und damit Wachstum und Beschäftigung sichern, die einen hohen Einsatz von Wissen und Technologie erfordern. Die Studie untersucht deshalb...

This paper assesses the impact on household incomes of the COVID-19 pandemic and governments’ policy responses in April 2020 in four large and severely hit European countries: Belgium, Italy, Spain and the UK. We provide comparative evidence on the level of relative and absolute welfare...

We study the working conditions of care and domestic workers who offer their services on digital platforms in Australia, Germany, Denmark, Spain and the United Kingdom. By drawing on survey data collected on a digital platform in 2019, we examine workers' demographics and their experiences with...

The Covid‑19 pandemic severely affected some categories of non-standard workers, and particularly the self‑employed. The emergency measures cushioned the potentially disastrous effect on their social circumstances, but undeniably highlighted even more the gaps in their access and entitlement...

Legt man die vier Zielbereiche zugrunde, die in der groß angelegten Gesamtevaluation der ehe- und familienpolitischen der Leistungen in Deutschland in den 2000er Jahren identifiziert wurden, ergibt sich zum Stand Deutschlands im europäischen Vergleich ein gemischtes Bild [...] Um hier...

This study investigates the level, structure, and pay-for-performance relationship of CEO compensation in Korean non-life insurance companies. We find that seniority plays an important role in setting CEO compensation practices and that performance-based pay, such as bonus, is more effective...

Users of financial statements are in a better position to evaluate the performance of the firm in question if its accounting system and methods are comparable with those of other firms. Even though accounting comparability is markedly beneficial, the empirical studies on its impact on earnings...

The article aims to compare the taxation of the self‑employed in Poland and other EU countries. We show that, for years, Poland has been at the forefront of EU countries with the highest self‑employment rates. Our analysis indicates that many people in Poland chose the status of...

This paper maps out the trade relationship in goods between the two largest trading blocs in the global economy - the EU and US. We use detailed product category information to provide an in-depth description of current trade flows between the two markets, with a particular focus on how Irish-US...