The effects of poverty in childhood can last a lifetime. Research shows that children living in poverty have lower levels of health and wellbeing, attain lower levels of education, have lower levels of occupational attainment and are more likely to be poor in adulthood. In this report, we focus...

The purpose of the article is to present the results of a parallel survey of entrepreneurs in Poland and Ukraine aimed at identifying and measuring their common and distinctive characteristics. The main research methods include a questionnaire, comparative analysis using the Chi-square...

The coronavirus pandemic has caused the world's worst crisis. No other situation in recent history has had such a negative impact on the global economy. Consequently, companies have been forced to adapt to the new circumstances and strive in this drastically changing world. The objective of this...

Since Donald Trump's election at the latest, the (American) media landscape and, with it, democratic media regulation have been facing serious challenges: With the heads of "BigTech" from Silicon Valley, who not only control central media platforms but also increasingly seek political proximity,...

Using a large-scale real effort experiment, we explore whether and how different peer assignment mechanisms affect worker performance and stress. Letting individuals choose whom to compare to increases productivity to the same extent as a targeted exogenous matching policy designed to maximize...

Karsten Müller and Carlo Schwarz (2022) investigate the impact of Twitter on anti-Muslim hate crimes, demonstrating that higher Twitter usage correlates with increased hate crimes, particularly during Donald Trump's political rise. Their findings highlight social media's ability to amplify...

This report provides a general overview of the ways in which EU gender equality law has been implemented in the domestic laws of the 27 Member States of the European Union, as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway (the EEA countries), and the United Kingdom. The analysis thus covers 31...

More than 20 years ago, a major and unprecedented development occurred in the European Union with the adoption in 2000 of two pieces of EU legislation in the field of anti-discrimination: the Racial Equality Directive (2000/43/EC) and the Employment Equality Directive (2000/78/EC). The...

Key figures on the EU in the world provides a statistical portrait of the European Union in relation to other parts of the world. It's structured into 3 chapters: people and society, the economy and trade, and the environment and natural resources. This publication complements 2 of Eurostat's...

The steel industry is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, accounting for approximately 7% of worldwide emissions. As steelmakers in the EU invest heavily in decarbonisation, the success of these efforts hinges on the market's ability to differentiate and reward...

Key figures on the EU in the world provides a statistical portrait of the European Union in relation to other parts of the world. It's structured into 3 chapters: people and society, the economy and trade, and the environment and natural resources. This publication complements 2 of Eurostat's...

This paper compares the inter-war 1930s with the post-2014 international system to identify structural continuities that threaten contemporary stability. A tri-layer literature review integrates archival records, modern governmental datasets and global opinion surveys, normalising disparate...

This article examines the regulatory approaches of Hong Kong and the United Kingdom (UK) towards cryptocurrencies, highlighting their distinct regulatory philosophies and frameworks. Hong Kong has adopted a comprehensive and proactive regulatory approach, creating a dual-licensing regime for...

A vast literature has examined the contractual technology that venture capital (VC) funds and entrepreneurs deploy in the U.S. to define an agency cost-minimising structure of their relationship, leading many to conclude that U.S. VC contracts are the best real-world solution to the challenges...

This study examines national ESG (environmental, social, and governance) performance across 24 African countries over three decades (1990-2020), employing a disaggregated approach to assess sustainability outcomes. Building on the World Bank's Sovereign ESG Framework and using the entropy weight...

This systematic review analyzes and compares the predictive power between traditional financial ratios and cash flow-based ratios in estimating performance. Although traditional ratios of return on assets and debt to equity have received extensive application, cash flow ratios are increasingly...

The surge in women's participation in the workforce has been a defining feature of advanced economies in recent decades. This paper explores cross‑country variations in the relationship between service sector expansion and female employment in Europe and the US. We estimate the elasticity of...

A vast literature has examined the contractual technology that venture capital (VC) funds and entrepreneurs deploy in the U.S. to define an agency cost-minimising structure of their relationship, leading many to conclude that U.S. VC contracts are the best real-world solution to the challenges...

The service sector has consistently expanded within the global economy and has become a significant component of national economies. Advancements in the service sectors of national economies have generated new service-related jobs and professions, which have become a primary source of...

Spain's GDP per capita gap with highest-income euro area economies and the US is mainly due to a productivity shortfall. Spanish tech firms lag in productivity and innovation, partly due to weaker R&D investment. Beyond leading firms, there's a broader lack of dynamism; firms enter small and...

Following the Paris Summit for a Global Financial Pact and the United Nations resolution on the adoption of a Multidimensional Vulnerability Index (MVI), multilateral development banks (MDBs) have been called upon to integrate structural vulnerability into the allocation of their concessional...

Cash benefit programmes have increasingly emphasised conditionality and "demanding" forms of activation in recent decades. Behavioural requirements are now a key element in reforms of unemployment benefits (UB) and related out-of-work benefits in high-income OECD countries, and they are the...

The COVID-19 pandemic led to large and lasting changes in the world of work, particularly to a sharp increase in work from home (WFH). Since then, many employers have offered WFH to their employees as an amenity worth about 5% of current pay, but more among women and parents (see Aksoy et al,...

Population ageing will reshape economies around the world, with particular implications for longterm care (LTC) systems. As a result of past fertility decline, reflected in high levels of childlessness and smaller family networks, the growing demand for care is confronted by a declining supply...