The emergence of AI-generated artwork is challenging traditional notions of authorship, originality, and ownership. As a result, copyright norms worldwide are being reassessed. This study covers four major jurisdictions: the US, the European Union, the UK and China, through current theories and...

The current debate on EU copyright law and AI training must move beyond the creative sector to include the wider European economy. While the rights of creators are legitimate and must be protected, the rules governing data use for AI models have far-reaching economic consequences. At its core,...

This paper deals with the price discrimination issue when a producer applies one price to a buyer in one selling location and another at another selling location for the same product. The specific case under consideration is the consumption of copyrighted products in television broadcasts and...

This in-depth analysis explains the statistical nature of generative AI and how training on copyright-protected data results in persistent functional dependencies with respect to the used data. It highlights the challenges of attribution and novelty detection in these high-dimensional models,...

This in-depth analysis explains the statistical nature of generative AI and how training on copyright-protected data results in persistent functional dependencies with respect to the used data. It highlights the challenges of attribution and novelty detection in these high-dimensional models,...

This study covered the whole EU through information and data gathered during the desk research and the interviews with EU umbrella organisations. The national fieldwork focused on a sample of 18 EU Member States, namely: the Czech Republic, Germany, Estonia, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia,...

This study is designed to clarify how GenAI systems interact with copyright - technically, legally, and economically. It examines how copyright-protected content is used in training models, what the applicable EU legal framework is, how creators can reserve their rights through opt-out...

The JURI Committee workshop on generative AI and copyright was held on June 4, 2025. Prof. Dr Lucchi presented a study requested by the Committee on the legal aspects of the phenomenon. The complex relationship between copyright and generative AI from the perspective of technological and...

This study examines how generative AI challenges core principles of EU copyright law. It highlights the legal mismatch between AI training practices and current text and data mining exceptions, and the uncertain status of AI-generated content. These developments pose structural risks for the...

The JURI Committee workshop on generative AI and copyright was held on June 4, 2025. Prof. Dr Lucchi presented a study requested by the Committee on the legal aspects of the phenomenon. The complex relationship between copyright and generative AI from the perspective of technological and...

This study examines how generative AI challenges core principles of EU copyright law. It highlights the legal mismatch between AI training practices and current text and data mining exceptions, and the uncertain status of AI-generated content. These developments pose structural risks for the...

In order to exercise their rights, authors and performers typically transfer those rights to third parties. The rules and practices governing such transfers vary across Member States (MS) and sectors (i.e. music, audiovisual, visual arts, literary works or videogames). Additionally, it is worth...

In order to exercise their rights, authors and performers typically transfer those rights to third parties. The rules and practices governing such transfers vary across Member States (MS) and sectors (i.e. music, audiovisual, visual arts, literary works or videogames). Additionally, it is worth...

In today’s digitally interconnected world, copyright infringement frequently crosses national borders, presenting complex legal challenges for effective enforcement of intellectual property rights in general, and copyright in particular. This paper examines the challenges associated with...

This paper analyzes the provisions of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) on industrial designs, and the manner in which the narrow aspects dealt with by the Agreement have been addressed by European Union (EU) legislation. The paper...

AI-powered answer engines are leading to the media revolution of our time. Within seconds, they provide their users with AI-generated answers thereby creating a new information structure online. To generate their content, they also use press publications. This results in a new conflict: press...

This exploratory study examines AI's transformative role in the Philippine media industry, particularly in news media, highlighting both opportunities and challenges. It utilizes a qualitative research method that includes desk reviews, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions with...

Developed with intellectual property (IP) practitioners in national judicial authorities in mind, this report aims to provide a better understanding of how criminal infringements of copyrights are legislated and enforced across Member States of the European Union. Its focus are online criminal...

On 1 August 2024, the EU Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act) came into force after a difficult road. Originally conceived purely as a product safety law, the regulation has developed in reaction to public debate to include the protection of copyright used to train generative AI models...

Digitization has importantly expanded the scope for reusing music in movies, a process known as music synchronization. We use panel data on Netflix and Shazam to estimate the causal effect of music synchronization on the discovery of reused songs. Our results show that songs are substantially...

The rapid integration of generative AI (GenAI) into industries and society has prompted a re-evaluation of copyright and intellectual property rights (IPR) frameworks. GenAI's ability to produce original content using data from human-created sources raises critical ethical and legal concerns....

Since the emergence of soundtracks, the music industry has been largely driven by innovation. The technological advances of the 20th century have significantly impacted society and the economy. Rapid development and use of the internet, in particular, strongly transform the music...

Human-created works represent critical data inputs to artificial intelligence (AI). Strategic behaviour can play a major role for AI training datasets, be it in limiting access to existing works or in deciding which types of new works to create or whether to create new works at all. We examine...

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) models have stirred considerable controversy about copyright protection for AI training inputs and model outputs. The European Union's AI Act will require model developers to be transparent about their use of training inputs such as text, images and...

Responding to frustrations with the enforcement of copyright on YouTube, some creators publish videos that discuss their experiences, challenge claims of infringement, and critique broader structures of content moderation. Platform callouts, or public complaints about the conduct of or on...

This book traces the development of the fashion industry, providing insight into the business and, in particular, its interrelations with copyright law. The book explores how the greatest haute couture fashion designers also had a sense for business and that their attention to copyright was one...

The Berne Convention underscores the national treatment of foreign authors, allowing countries of the Union to protect designs through various means. Article 2(7) of the Convention (Berne) introduces a material reciprocity test, limiting copyright protection for works of applied art not...

"As cloud-based platforms become more necessary for digital content, ensuring the protection of intellectual property has also become a necessity for organizations. Digital watermarking has emerged as a vital technique for embedding copyright information in media content and offers a robust...