The country's irrigation systems have had a long history of recovering maintenance cost from farmers. The Free Irrigation Service Act of 2018 was a radical departure from this policy. Based on examining secondary data, and primary information from key informant interviews and focus group...

Samoa currently faces two important public policy challenges in the health sector. One is to stem, and then reverse, the rapid rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The second challenge is to put the country on a health-financing path that is effective, efficient, and financially affordable...

Art. 9 der europäischen Wasserrahmenrichtlinie (WRRL) statuiert den von den Mitgliedstaaten zu berücksichtigenden Grundsatz der Kostendeckung für Wasserdienstleistungen. Angesichts der allgemein als schwierig eingeschätzten Auslegung des genauen materiellen Gehalts der verschiedenen...

Article 9 of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires Member States to take account of the principle of recovery of the costs of water services, including environmental and resource costs (ERCs). Whilst legally the Member States have broad scope for discretion when applying Article 9, the...

Despite repeated policy initiatives from donors and governments, the human and economic cost of continued lack of access to safe water and sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa remains high. This paper shows that a radical reorientation of policy is needed to achieve a significant increase in...

According to the seminal Cost Recovery Theorem the revenues from congestion tolls pay for the capacity costs of an optimal-sized facility if capacity is perfectly divisible, and if user costs and capacity costs have constant scale economies. This paper extends the Theorem to long-run uncertainty...

Art. 9 der europäischen Wasserrahmenrichtlinie trägt den Mitgliedsstaaten auf, bis 2010 die nationalen Anforderungen an die Entgelte für Wasserdienstleistungen am Prinzip der Kosten-deckung einschließlich Umwelt- und Ressourcenkosten auszurichten, um effiziente Anreize für die Nutzung...

Art. 9 der europäischen Wasserrahmenrichtlinie trägt den Mitgliedsstaaten auf, bis 2010 die nationalen Anforderungen an die Entgelte für Wasserdienstleistungen am Prinzip der Kosten-deckung einschließlich Umwelt- und Ressourcenkosten auszurichten, um effiziente Anreize für die Nutzung...

Cities in developing countries experiencing rapid urbanization and population growth too often lack the financial resources and institutional capacity to provide needed municipal infrastructure for adequate solid waste management, despite citizens’ demand for it. This paper uses a...

Art. 9 der europäischen Wasserrahmenrichtlinie trägt den Mitgliedsstaaten auf, bis 2010 die nationalen Anforderungen an die Entgelte für Wasserdienstleistungen am Prinzip der Kosten-deckung einschließlich Umwelt- und Ressourcenkosten auszurichten, um effiziente Anreize für die Nutzung...

Рассмотрены проблемы, связанные с определением состава, учетом и порядком возмещения расходов по делу о банкротстве, отличающихся от расходов по...

The staff report highlights that the insurance sector in Sweden is well developed and mature. The captive insurance segment is mainly driven by tax advantages. This assessment provides an update on the significant regulatory and supervisory developments in the insurance sector of Sweden since...

Although LEEs are meant to be self-sustaining, if not revenue-generating units, many of them actually incur losses on a continuing basis. Current practice in many LGUs does not engender a clear appreciation of the true cost of the local economic enterprise. COA has documented many cases where...

Local, state and federal policies that jointly promote the generation of electricity from renewable technologies and the pursuit of energy efficiency are expected to help mitigate the detrimental effects of global climate change and foster energy independence. We examine the financial impacts on...

This paper uses a public economics framework to review evidence from randomized trials on domestic water access and quality in developing countries and to assess the case for subsidies. Water treatment can cost-effectively reduce reported diarrhea. However, many consumers have low willingness to...

Although LEEs are meant to be self-sustaining, if not revenue-generating units, many of them actually incur losses on a continuing basis. Current practice in many LGUs does not engender a clear appreciation of the true cost of the local economic enterprise. COA has documented many cases where...

Water service to the urban poor presents challenges to political leaders, regulators and managers. We identify technology mixes of yard taps, public water points (with and without pre-paid meters) to meet alternative constraints, and reflecting populations served and investment requirements....

Although LEEs are meant to be self-sustaining, if not revenue-generating units, many of them actually incur losses on a continuing basis. Current practice in many LGUs does not engender a clear appreciation of the true cost of the local economic enterprise. COA has documented many cases where...

Australian governments spend millions of dollars each year on pre border, border and post border biosecurity programs. While the resourcing of some of these programs is determined by existing deeds of agreement, others, particularly in relation to environmental and social pests and diseases,...

Irrigation development is a gateway to increased agricultural, water and land productivity, increased household and national food security. However, irrigation development has been a major challenge in many developing countries, including Zimbabwe. The launch of the Fast Track Land Reform...

For many organizations, software licensing represents an increasing share of their intellectual property portfolio. Because most software is new and the market uncertain, it would be useful to have a quick, back-of-the-envelope method of estimating the selling price. The replacement method of...

The issue of possibly unrecoverable cost incurred by a utility, or `stranded costs,` has emerged as a major obstacle to developing a competitive generation market. Stranded or transition costs are defined as costs incurred by a utility to serve its customers that were being recovered in rates...

The electric power industry in the United States is undergoing a slow but nonetheless dramatic transformation. It is a transformation driven by technology, economics, and politics; one that will move the industry from its traditional mode of centralized system operations and regulated rates...

National polls reveal widespread public preference and willingness to pay more for renewables. ``Green pricing`` programs attempt to capitalize on these preferences and on an expressed willingness to pay more for environmental protection. This report explores the utility option of green pricing...

The Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS), operated on behalf of the ratepayers of the PNW by BPA and other Federal agencies, faces many uncertainties during the FY 2007-2009 rate period. Among these uncertainties, the largest revolve around hydro conditions, market prices and river...

The scope of the Functional Management Assessment of the cost model included a review of the plan and progress of the Cost Model Review Team. The review focused on processes in place to ensure simplicity, compliance with cost accounting standards and indirect cost allocation methodology, and the...

The scope of the Functional Management Assessment of the CFO included a review of the CFO Organizational Structure, including deployed financial services and the division of responsibilities and internal controls between CFO and other organizations that perform financial functions across the...

Many state regulatory commissions and policymakers want utilities to aggressively pursue energy efficiency as a strategy to mitigate demand and energy growth, diversify the resource mix, and provide an alternative to building new, costly generation. However, as the National Action Plan for...

Progress is evident as the restructuring debate in the U.S. electricity industry completes its third year. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission released a final rule on transmission open access-a key element to facilitate more efficient wholesale markets. The majority of states have...

Station cars are electric vehicles available at transit stations which may be used for transportation between the transit station and home, work, and/or for errands. This transportation service would be provided by the local transit agency. This report discusses an economic model of the costs of...

This paper aims to highlight the critical importance of cost recovery in attracting and sustaining private investment for power development. Based on a brief review of Indian experience, it suggests that in the absence of requisite cost recovery, reform of sector policies and institutions alone,...