The ongoing energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies could have contrasting effects on African economies, particularly through increased extrac- tion of metals critical to this transition. This paper describes the opportunities and challenges posed by the development of...

This paper develops a novel text-based approach to identify CRM-saving innovation using patent data and studies how mineral price signals shape the direction of technological change. Using patent data from 1978–2020, we distinguish technologies that rely on CRMs from those that explicitly aim...

This paper constructs a high-frequency, news-based measure of rare earth supply shocks to examine how disruptions in these critical inputs affect global firm valuations. Using news articles between 2021 and 2025, I identify exogenous rare earth supply events, distinguishing between Chinese...

In April and in October 2025 China imposed export controls on rare earths amid escalating trade tensions with the United States. Although these measures were too short-lived to generate macroeconomic effects, they signalled China's ability to draw on its dominant position in the rare earth...

This study investigates the weak-form efficiency and asymmetric multifractal scaling behavior of rare earth stock indices in the global, U.S. and Chinese markets during the trade war and the COVID-19 period. We examine the scaling behavior across overall, upward (bullish), and downward (bearish)...

As part of its efforts to secure access to critical raw materials (CRMs), the EU has concluded Strategic Partnerships on Raw Materials with 14 non-EU countries. These partnerships aim to diversify supply sources and to deepen ties with resource-rich countries, thereby strengthening the...

China's recent restrictions on rare earth (RE) metal exports have heightened U.S. concerns over supply security. A key question is whether non-Chinese producers can substitute for China and reduce dependence. This paper examines that issue by estimating the cross-price elasticity of U.S. RE...

This study investigates the nonlinear, regime-dependent, and frequency-specific interdependencies between rare earth element (REE) markets and key global critical sectors, including artificial intelligence, semiconductors, clean energy, defense, and advanced manufacturing, under varying levels...

Mit dem seit über einem Jahr geltenden Critical Raw Materials Act will die Europäische Union bei strategisch wichtigen Rohstoffen ihre Abhängigkeiten reduzieren - vor allem von China. Ein Mittel sind strategische Rohstoffpartnerschaften, mit denen Risiken gestreut und dadurch die...

Rare earth elements (REEs) is a group of 17 elements. The elements neodymium, praseodymium, terbium, dysprosium, gadolinium, samarium, and cerium are essential for high performance permanent magnets used in electric vehicles, wind turbines, high-performance electronics, aerospace and defence....

Rare earth elements (REEs) is a group of 17 elements. The elements neodymium, praseodymium, terbium, dysprosium, gadolinium, samarium, and cerium are essential for high performance permanent magnets used in electric vehicles, wind turbines, high-performance electronics, aerospace and defence....

The United States (US) and European Union (EU) are at risk of entering a full-blown trade war. Three months ago, on "Liberation Day", US President Donald Trump imposed high import tariffs on almost all countries, including the EU. He then suspended them at short notice to negotiate with over 90...

This paper explores the development of a collaborative and customer-centric business model for sustainable innovation in rare earth magnet recycling. Rare earth elements have become crucial to various electronics and renewable energy systems. Due to their fnite nature and the supply risk they...

Securing access to critical raw materials has become a top priority for governments worldwide, particularly in light of geopolitical disruptions and increasing demand for materials essential to the green transition and advanced technologies. Ukraine holds substantial reserves of key raw...

In response to growing critical raw material demand and increasing instability in global supply chains, the European Union has established Strategic Partnerships with resource-rich third countries. These partnerships aim connect raw material projects in third countries with European industries,...

Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical for Europe's economic competitiveness, green transition, and national security. Yet the EU remains heavily dependent on China for their supply, particularly in refining and processing. This paper examines Europe's vulnerability to supply disruptions and...

The energy transition success depends largely on the availability of critical minerals, and this may produce a window of opportunity for producing countries. In this regard, this paper examines the different avenues to maximizing value added from critical minerals production. In particular, we...

The ongoing energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies could have contrasting effects on African economies, particularly through increased extrac- tion of metals critical to this transition. This paper describes the opportunities and challenges posed by the development of...

The European Union (EU) is aiming to strengthen its cooperation with like-minded countries to secure its supply of so-called critical raw materials. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen considers Canada a "perfect match" - a resource-rich and reliable partner that shares the EU’s...