The study explains in particular the different forms of legal protection required by international IPR agreements, including the system of plant breeders' rights in the 1978 and 1991 UPOV Acts, the choice between patent and sui generis protection created by article 27.3(b) of the TRIPs Agreement...

Cereals are grown for grain and are used both to provide food and feed. In Romania, cereals occupy an important place in the structure of use of agricultural areas, observing a tendency to increase the areas where cereals are grown due to their importance, but also due to the fact that Romania...

Water withdrawals for irrigated crop production constitute the largest source of freshwater consumption on Earth. Monitoring the dynamics of irrigated crop cultivation is crucial for tracking crop water consumption, particularly in water-scarce areas. We analyzed changes in water-dependent crop...

Crop cultivation intensifies globally, which can jeopardize biodiversity and the resilience of cropping systems. We investigate changes in crop rotations as one intensification metric for half of the croplands in Germany with annual field-level land-use data from 2005 to 2018. We proxy crop...

Wir geben eine Übersicht über den Stand des Wissens zu den Klimafolgen für den deutschen Pflanzenbau und generieren modellbasierte, quantitative und räumlich differenzierte Simulationen zu den Ertragsveränderungen der wichtigsten deutschen Ackerkulturen bis zur Mitte des Jahrhunderts. Zur...

We use individual-level data on all security trades, holdings, spending, and income from an online retail bank. We study the effects of an exogenous change in the displayed purchase prices of the mutual funds in individuals’ portfolios. We find that individuals are more likely to sell what we...

Common resources may be managed with inefficient policies for the sake of equity. We study how rationing the commons shapes the efficiency and equity of resource use, in the context of agricultural groundwater use in Rajasthan, India. We find that rationing binds on input use, such that farmers,...

Wir geben eine Übersicht über den Stand des Wissens zu den Klimafolgen für den deutschen Pflanzenbau und generieren modellbasierte, quantitative und räumlich differenzierte Simulationen zu den Ertragsveränderungen der wichtigsten deutschen Ackerkulturen bis zur Mitte des Jahrhunderts. Zur...

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the North American agricultural frontier moved for the first time into semi-arid regions where farming was vulnerable to drought. Farmers who migrated to the region had to adapt their crops, techniques, and farm sizes to better fit the environment. But...

This paper studies the interactions between political and economic incentives to foster forest conversion in Indonesian districts. Using a district–level panel data set from 2001 to 2016, we analyze variation in remotely sensed forest losses as well as measures of land-use licensing. We link...

We study the impact of a major permanent productivity shock -- the introduction of New World crops after 1500 -- on violent conflict in Asia. Using difference in difference and event study frameworks, we show that greater caloric suitability due to the Columbian Exchange increased conflict in...

In many developing countries, governments often use Minimum support price (MSP) as a subsidy scheme to (i) safeguard farmers' income against vagaries in crop prices, and (ii) ensure sufficient production of different crops. While there are different mechanisms to operationalize the MSP scheme,...

Diese Informationsschrift gibt eine einführende Übersicht über den ökologischen Landbau in Deutschland. Die gesetzlichen Regelungen, die mit dem Öko-Landbau befassten Verbände sowie die Entwicklung und Förderung der ökologisch wirtschaftenden Betriebe werden vorgestellt.

Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA) are part of the foundation of agriculture and of central importance to food sovereignty. These gain an increasingly pivotal role in the context of climate crises, which are threatening predictable crop production, and the erosion of...

We provide novel evidence that large-scale irrigation heterogeneously shifts the temperature distribution towards cooler temperatures during the months of the growing season relative to the rest of the year. We employ a triple-difference estimator using a 59-year-long panel of weather records...