Norway has a high degree of digitalisation. In the public sector, there is a long tradition of automation of parts of case management. This includes automation of cases where a public sector body makes a so-called individual administrative decision, that is, a decision made in the exercise of...

This study seeks to identify the specifics of personal data protection in the context of EU legislation. The focus is on the personal data transferred outside the Union. It is described how the EU data protection law provides specific measures in order to ensure the protection of individuals and...

The use of smartphone apps has numerous advantages for app providers and users. However, the users of many smartphone apps are confronted with a trade-off between usage benefits and preferences for personal data protection. We investigate the acceptability of data sharing in different...

Specialty literature and solutions in the market have been focusing in the last decade on collecting and aggregating significant amounts of data about transactions (and user behavior) and on refining the algorithms used to identify fraud. At the same time, legislation in the European Union has...

The use of Internet of Things devices (IoT) by individuals in their homes has led to new opportunities for companies, to adapt their products, services and offers, based on the user profile. At the same time, these new services involve the reinterpretation of existing requirements regarding data...

This research report offers a comparative analysis of privacy and data protection in Germany and India. It compares the two regimes on four counts. First, it examines how the right to privacy and/or its allied rights have developed in the two countries historically. In this, it explores the...

Background IoT and smart devices have become extremely popular in the last few years. With their capabilities to collect data, it is reasonable to have concerns about the protection of users' personal information and privacy in general. Objectives Comparing existing regulations on data...

The development of new technologies in the last few years turned internet into a commercial medium that has transformed businesses all over the world. Indeed, we can be connected to internet from anywhere and anytime we want, with just one click. This evolution made the world interconnected and...

On June 15, 2020, the official data protection impact assessment (DPIA) for the German Corona-Warn-App (CWA) was made publicly available. Shortly thereafter, the app was made available for download in the app stores. However, the first version of the DPIA had significant weaknesses, as this...

In May 2021, the UK National Health Service (NHS) proposed a scheme-called General Practice Data for Planning Research (GPDPR)-for sharing patients' data. Under that system, a patient who does not wish to participate must actively opt out of their data being shared with third parties for...

Data intermediaries serve as a mediator between those who wish to make their data available, and those who seek to leverage that data. The intermediary works to govern the data in specific ways, and provides some degree of confidence regarding how the data will be used.

I study a dynamic model of consumer privacy and platform data collection. In each period, consumers choose their level of platform activity. Greater activity generates more information about the consumer, thereby increasing platform profits. When the platform can commit to the future privacy...

Data is often at the core of digital products and services, especially when related to online advertising. This has made data protection and privacy a major policy concern. When surfing the web, consumers leave digital traces that can be used to build user profiles and infer preferences. We...

Data is often at the core of digital products and services, especially when related to online advertising. This has made data protection and privacy a major policy concern. When surfing the web, consumers leave digital traces that can be used to build user profiles and infer preferences. We...

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Stand der Digitalisierung des deutschen Gesundheitssystems im internationalen Vergleich und entwickelt Empfehlungen für ihre weitere Gestaltung. Dafür werden die Entwicklung der Digitalisierung über die letzten beiden Jahrzehnte nachgezeichnet, Ursachen...

We study a model of financial intermediation, payment choice, and privacy in the digital economy. Cash preserves anonymity but cannot be used for more efficient online transactions. By contrast, bank deposits can be used online but do not preserve anonymity. Banks use the information contained...

On February 23, 2022, the European Commission presented a proposal for the Data Act. This regulation is intended to regulate access to and use of data in the European Union in the future. It includes requirements for data transfer to users of products and services that produce data, to...

This is a draft report from the ACCAN funded-project, “Regulating to Protect Security & Privacy in the Internet of Things (IoT)”. This report is intended for the purpose of consultation. The report analyses legal issues relating to data security, consumer protection and privacy of consumer...

This paper empirically studies how consumers' concern about privacy affects their behavior. Using panel survey data from South Korea that followed 5,328 individuals for four years, I find that privacy concern has a significant negative effect on social networking service usage. I additionally...

The debate about the economic power of large tech firms has led to the insight that due to the key role of personal data on large digital platforms competition and privacy issues are deeply intertwined. This leads also to a complex relationship between competition law and data protection (or...

It cannot be gainsaid that we are in a digital economy. In this digital economy, data, especially exchange of personal data plays a prominent role in our daily activities and interactions. The digitalization of modern transactions has necessitated the need for laws to govern exchange of personal...

A new report from the American Antitrust Institute, Privacy and Antitrust at the Crossroads of Big Tech, explores the increasingly complex relationship between competition and privacy in the context of Big Tech. The burgeoning growth of surveillance capitalism business models is leading to...

With the increased role of data in societies, the interfaces between trade and privacy protection have become multiple and intensified, and raise important questions as to adequate regulatory design that can reconcile economic and non-economic concerns, national and international interests. This...

Purpose: Privacy considerations have become a topic with increasing interest from academics, industry leaders, and regulators. In response to consumers’ privacy concerns, Google announced in 2020 that Chrome would stop supporting third-party cookies in the near future. At the same time,...

Compliance with the GDPR while using blockchain technology for data processing results in compliance issues, due to the fact that the blockchain and the GDPR employ different methods to ensure privacy-by-design and privacy-by-default. The blockchain is built on disintermediation and relative...

This Essay recaps the policymakers’, enforcers’, and scholars’ thinking on the relationship between antitrust and privacy. Currently, the thinking is that improving privacy protection is a necessary, but not sufficient, step to address some of the risks posed by these data-opolies and...

Digital footprints of the consumers are an invaluable resource for the digital advertising industry. First and third-party data collectors track these digital footprints to predict the needs and expectations of consumers based on their online activities and deliver them personalized content and...

With the continuous advancement in technology and massive increase in internet usage, the concepts of data privacy and data protection is a hugely debated topic. This is because, the service providers who manage the websites, applications and social media platforms often collect and store...

In this paper we investigate probabilistic counters from the perspective of preserving privacy. We use standard, rigid differential privacy notion. The intuition is that the probabilistic counters do not reveal too much information about individuals, but provide only general information about...

This paper is the first systematic examination of the effects of data localization laws on cybersecurity. This paper focuses on the effects of “hard” data localization, where transfer of data is prohibited to other countries. Other “softer” versions of data localization also exist, such...

This report written for the German consumer association vzbv (Verbraucherzentrale Bundesverband) analyzes the relationship between data protection law and competition law for fostering synergies and mitigating conflicts between both legal regimes, especially with regard to the huge economic...

This paper presents a dynamic model of multichannel price setting under market signaling and learning. The paper explores the case of a monopolist selling a good through two buying channels: brick-and-mortar and online. A novel feature of the paper is to introduce an idiosyncratic privacy...

While ethical values and privacy concerns are considered factors that influence online consumers’ decision-making process, few studies have examined the interaction effect between the two factors in the online brand development process. Therefore, this study proposed a research model to...

The issue of trust-based personal data disclosure online remains of high importance both in social networking and online purchasing. Additionally, social networking is linked with a controversial factor of conspiracy beliefs that recently received attention because of Covid-19 pandemic....