On October 4, 2021, all services provided by Meta Platforms, Inc. (then Facebook, Inc.) became unavailable unexpectedly for all its worldwide users for a period of about six hours. We use detailed high‐frequency tracking data from smartphones, tablets and desktop computers of thousands of Meta...

The modern digital public sphere requires effective content moderation systems that balance the interests of states, technology companies, and the public. This article examines how two pieces of legislation establish regulatory intermediaries in an attempt to strike this balance: the EU's...

Trusted flaggers have long played a role in content moderation: a bilateral, voluntary affair between online platforms and individuals or organisations that are afforded prioritised access to the content moderation process. Due to their expertise, they are trusted to 'flag' illegal or harmful...

This article seeks to explore the socio-demographic determinants underlying the engagement of moderators and the production of content moderation norms in the French Twitch scene. Using a mixed-method approach, it highlights gender, politicisation, social class, and social vulnerability...

Despite widespread academic and practitioner interest in non-fungible tokens (NFTs) as a form of digital assets, little is known about how consumers perceive NFT value. This exploratory research investigates why people create, trade or collect NFTs, what value they derive from them, and how...

This report presents the results of a feasibility study of the European Digital Skills Certificate (EDSC), as Action 9 of the Digital Education Action Plan (2021-2027). The study reflects the results of a year-long series of consultation activities that have engaged a wide range of stakeholders....

The discourse surrounding the EU's supposed over-reliance on digital services imports from non-EU countries, particularly the US, has been a recurrent topic among some political circles. However, this viewpoint tends to oversimplify and misrepresent the nuanced and complex reality of the EU's...

Digital transformation has become a topic of interest since public institutions digitalize their processes to improve efficiency, while citizens wish to solve their issues through online platforms. Even if this topic is a priority, the Digital Economy and Society Index reveals that digital...

Pornographic websites represent a significant component of the digital ecosystem; however, comparatively limited research has been conducted on this subject in comparison to other websites. This paper aims to gather and enrich the extant literature on the subject. For this purpose, a...

The digital connectivity in the Asia-Pacific region is primarily shaped by the availability of ICT infrastructure, the nature of regulatory policies, and the dynamics of competition among service providers. This paper explores the policies and regulations that affect the costs and accessibility...

The study estimates partial and general equilibrium impacts of trade digitalization on trade flows using data from the UN Trade Digitalization Index (TDI) 2024 and a structural gravity model. This approach, unlike earlier gravity model studies on the topic, allows for the derivation of both...

Large scale cross-border contact tracing (CT) was conducted among European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries during the COVID-19 pandemic through the selective exchange module of the electronic EWRS (Early Warning and Response System) of the European Union (EU). The European...

The Digital Services Act (DSA) is a new EU legislative act aimed at creating a safe and trusted online environment that guarantees users' access to legal and safe content, goods and services online, and safeguards their fundamental rights.

A European digital product passport (DPP) could enhance textile industry traceability, circularity, and transparency. This study focuses on the possibility to introduce a DPP, framed within the European Union's strategy for sustainable and circular textiles. It examines the potential, needs,...

Large scale cross-border contact tracing (CT) was conducted among European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries during the COVID-19 pandemic through the selective exchange module of the electronic EWRS (Early Warning and Response System) of the European Union (EU). The European...

This paper explores how improved internet infrastructure impacts supply chains and economic activity, focusing on Türkiye. Using the expansion of fiber-optic networks and firm-to-firm transaction data, we find that better connectivity shifts input sourcing to well-connected regions and...

By introducing the concept of high-reach AI, this paper focuses on AI systems whose widespread use may generate significant risks for both individuals and societies. While some of those risks have been recognised under the AI Act, we analyse the rules laid down by the Digital Services Act (DSA)...

This working paper inaugurates the "Technology Fundamentals for Digital Finance" series, concentrating on the technical aspects of financial Digital Assets. The series aims to facilitate the use of a clear terminology in a nascent platform-oriented paradigm of financial infrastructures, by...

The digitization has reshaped the multimedia industry in a tremendous way and particularly driven the transition from physical to digital goods. With respect to the book industry, Amazon reported that purchases of e-books had surpassed those of print books for the first time in 2011. The goal of...

This study explores the relationship between digital access, protection, and adoption in supporting technological entrepreneurship within national digital ecosystems. The study utilised PROCESS regression analysis on the Global Entrepreneurship Development Institute (GEDI)'s Digital Development...

We design the profit-maximizing mechanism to sell an excludable and nonrival good with network effects. Buyers have heterogeneous private values that depend on how many others also consume the good. In optimum, an endogenous number of the highest types shares consumption, and we provide an...