This report presents the results of five EU Science Diplomacy Working Groups that were established by the European Commission in order to develop recommendations for a European Framework for Science Diplomacy. The working groups consisted of 130 science and diplomacy experts from across Europe,...

Armenia, strategically positioned at the geopolitical crossroads of East and West, is actively pursuing a transformative agenda to establish itself as a "Digital Bridge Gate." This article examines Armenia's digital infrastructure and burgeoning innovation capabilities, analyzing their potential...

The international environment is characterised by a dynamic nature, a steady trend towards quantitative growth and qualitative development, which necessitates a more cautious and balanced approach to the choice of foreign economic policy, given the complexity of the structure of the world...

Estonia has long been held as a leading example of e-Governance. Estonia's ubiquitous e- Governance is enabled by the X-Road, an open-source data exchange layer that allows the secure exchange of data. This paper explores the X-Road integration between Estonia, Finland, the Faroe Islands, the...

China’s debt trap diplomacy has been debated among academia, think tanks, and the policymaking community. Unlike previous research, which mainly focuses on China’s lending practice and strategic intentions, this study looks at the measurement of this narrative and its relations with the Belt...

Direct negotiations on a ceasefire in Russia's war against Ukraine broke down within just a few months. Today, Moscow and Kyiv are pursuing diplomatic initiatives in order to shape the international context of the war in their favour. Russia’s war diplomacy aims to weaken the "collective West"...

Part 1: Philosophers and Strategists -- Confucius: A Great Negotiator -- Jesus Christ: The Ultimate Servant -- Machiavelli as Negotiator and Leaders’ Adviser -- Talleyrand, Firm but Flexible -- Avoiding a nuclear catastrophe: John Fitzgerald Kennedy and the Cuba Missiles Crisis -- Henry...

The article analyzes a segment of the cultural diplomacy of non-state actors of Kosovo who have communicated with foreign audiences through the international media in the period after the country’s declaration of independence in 2008. Analyzing the content of media coverage for non-state...

The world in which we live is continuously developing and changing. Nations all across the world are striving for superiority and expanding their influence. However, not every nation's situation is favorable; in order to excel further, states require support and collaboration from their...

In the age of global warming, pandemics and political East-West tensions, the time for science diplomacy has come. Science diplomacy originated during the Cold War era when institutions, such as the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), built institutional foundations to...

The present geopolitical landscape has witnessed a seemingly drastic transition, with the widespread emergence of multifarious groupings, popularly referred to as “Minilaterals”, premises upon the imperative understanding of peacebuilding and conflict resolution, and shared threat...

L’Europe a fait le choix du libéralisme à travers l’adoption d’un ordre économique et social : « l’économie sociale de marché ». Ce livre raconte l’histoire de ce choix décisif pour l’européanisation des sociétés. Du marché commun à l’euro, cette convergence...

Im zweiten Jahr seit Beginn der Pandemie hat COVID-19 die internationale Diplomatie grundlegend verändert. Die Verhandlungen gehen weiter, finden aber zunehmend online statt, in Videokonferenzen, Chats und Breakout-Sessions. Das verändert die zeitlichen und räumlichen Dimensionen...

Despite the political differences, China and India are in an interdependent trade relationship. Both major powers are each other's largest trading partner. Nevertheless, there is competition between the two countries for supremacy in the Indo-Pacific. India's democratic system and rules-based...

The internationalization of cities and the constitution of a new international space of power involves a much more expressive number of cities than the usual global cities. Nowadays, dozens of international organizations are composed of regional capitals, medium, and even small cities. With...

This article draws on interviews with 198 state ambassadors and applies an interpretivist lens to provide a more nuanced conceptualization of diplomacy. In doing so, we seek to project a closer fit between scholarly definitions of the term and how diplomacy is understood by practitioners. We...

Insecurity is known to be one of the overarching contemporary challenges of the world. The world is undoubtedly invaded by asymmetric war-fares changing the course of his- tory as war is no longer the exclusive preserve of state actors. Terrorism continues to orchestrate thousands of victims all...

Progress on regional cooperation in Southeast Asia is often punctuated by decades rather than years. The exposure of the wider Asia-Pacific to natural hazards renders it the world’s most disaster prone. Since the Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami in 2004, there have been three significant...

Online training events deserve more attention as a form of people-to-people connectivity. The purpose of the article is to elaborate on how online training events gain prominence in the context of the COVID-19 imposed restrictions on geographical mobility. The autoethnographic account provides...

Quadrilateral Security Dialogue comprises a group of countries - the US, Japan, Australia, and India, that started maritime collaboration in the wake of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. The initiative lasted for a brief period before falling apart in 2008. The countries re-banded together in 2017...