We explore the effect of (big) shocks on the allocation of (bilateral) aid using natural disasters as natural experiments. We find that aid commitment statistically significantly increases following natural disasters, and that humanitarian aid precedes structural aid. While we find that the...

Natural disasters become frequently in New Taipei City due to climate change and its geographical location and consequently result in heavy losses to the city's properties in recent years. Disaster management education funds were provided by the government to improve resilience to disasters....

This paper examines the compounded effects of conflict on household recovery following disasters, using Nigeria as a case study. The analysis employs the "Unbreakable" microsimulation model to analyze how proximity to conflict influences recovery rates and well-being, measured by consumption...

Disaster risk management (DRM) plays a critical role in protecting livelihoods and economies from the adverse impacts of disaster and climate-related shocks, while enabling inclusive and sustained growth. The frequency and severity of disasters is rising, driven by the combined pressures of...

Disasters have posed significant economic costs to Bangladesh, and financing needs associated with disaster response are estimated to be substantial. Bangladesh has put in place fiscal mechanisms, social protection programs, and financial instruments to respond to natural disasters. While the...

This disaster risk finance (DFR) diagnostic was prepared by the World Bank Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice in response to a request from the Government of Zimbabwe (GoZ) for a study to assess the institutional, legal, and financial planning for financing of disaster risk...

Over the past decades, Latin America and the Caribbean have experienced a significant increase in natural disasters, posing significant threats to infrastructure and economic activity, particularly in regions with poor infrastructure. Understanding the patterns in recovery time after disasters...

Using longitudinal, nationally representative data from Australia, this study uncovers a previously undocumented pattern: in over half of cases where one household member reports weather-related home damage, their co-resident does not. This high rate of intra-household inconsistency is striking,...

We introduce the first comprehensive publicly available dataset on county-level damages, injuries, and fatalities from natural disasters in the U.S. and present a few facts on the economic and human costs of extreme climate events. Our source is the National Oceanic and Atmospheric...

Over the past decades, Latin America and the Caribbean have experienced a significant increase in natural disasters, posing significant threats to infrastructure and economic activity, particularly in regions with poor infrastructure. Understanding the patterns in recovery time after disasters...

In light of growing concerns over escalating natural disaster risks and persistently low fertility rates, this paper quantifies the causal impacts of tropical cyclones and identifies the pathways through which they influence childbearing decisions among Australians of reproductive age. Using an...

Developing countries are increasingly vulnerable to natural hazards, which cause extensive human, economic, and infrastructural damage. Between 2000 and 2024, over 7,200 disasters in these countries resulted in 1.25 million deaths, affected more than 4.6 billion people, and caused an estimated...

Cyclone Ditwah passed over the east of Sri Lanka between November 27 and 29 before moving into the Bay of Bengal. Sustained winds of 65 km/h were recorded, and rainfall was intense, causing devastating flooding. This Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) report provides a synopsis...

Climate change is causing more frequent and devastating natural disasters. The goal of this paper is two-fold. First, it examines the dynamic effects of natural disasters on the growth of output and its components. Government expenditure in advanced economies (AEs) rises immediately in the same...

Recently, there is a growing interest in understanding how individuals adapt to changing climate conditions and climate-induced extreme weather events, An underexplored question is whether and how climate-related natural hazards affect household saving behavior, For this purpose, we exploit a...

The study provides forward-looking estimates for economic damages from floods and tropical cyclones (TC) for a wide range of countries using global datasets. Damages are estimated for three Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios and aggregated at the country level, building...

The year 2023 marks the 12th anniversary of the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE). Immediately after the disaster, the number of evacuees reached approximately 470,000, but by November 2022, the number had decreased to approximately 31,000. The reconstruction of housing, disposal of debris,...

This paper examines the socioeconomic factors correlated with vulnerability to natural hazards, using unique data from the High-Frequency Phone Surveys conducted in Haiti in 2021, 2022, and 2023. The results indicate a high overall exposure to hazards, with a significant number of individuals...

Following the Herat province (Western Afghanistan) earthquake sequence of October 7 to 15, 2023, the World Bank carried out a remote desk-based assessment of the physical damages using the Global RApid post-disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) methodology. The objective of the assessment is to...

Disasters are frequent and clearly harmful in developing countries, but precisely estimating their overall cost and distributional impact is challenging. This paper proposes a microsimulation approach to do so rapidly, borrowing concepts from both poverty analysis and urban economics. Because...

Extremely severe cyclonic storm Mocha made landfall as a Category 4-equivalent cyclone in the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale on Sunday May 14, 2023, at 07:07 UTC (14:07 local time) around Sittwe city, the capital of Rakhine State, Myanmar. Given the fragile and conflict-affected situation...

In this paper, we study the implications of climate change on fiscal sustainability and inequality. First, using rich panel data, we show that rising climate-related disaster risks increase government debt and harm fiscal sustainability. We also find that the adverse effect of disaster risks is...

This diagnostic report was prepared in response to a technical assistance request from the Government of the Republic of Namibia (GRN) to support the design and implementation of an index-based agriculture insurance program targeting small-scale farmers. Based on initial consultations with the...