This paper provides a general theoretical framework that captures the essential features of a Swedish reform where private and public health care providers serve patients with certain functional impairments. Because providers receive a fixed hourly compensation for their services (identical...

This paper develops a model in which the rivalry of oligopolistic firms serves as an independent cause of international trade. The model shows how such rivalry naturally gives rise to "dumping" of output in foreign markets, and shows that such dumping can be "reciprocal" -- that is, there may be...

This paper examines the effect of e-waste dumping sites on early child health. We focus on two major dumping sites in West Africa, in Ghana and Nigeria. We observe children born before and after the creation of these dumps, and estimate a difference-in-difference specification in which we...

We build a simple theoretical model to understand why developing and transition economies have increasingly applied anti-dumping laws. To that end, we investigate the strategic incentives of oligopolistic exporting firms to undertake dumping in these economies. We show that dumping may be due to...

This paper investigates the relationship between entry, demand, and dumping in the context of a two country Ricardian model of international trade. Dumping - the export of goods at a price below average cost - can arise in the free trade equilibrium if the two countries differ in their initial...

Business representatives and union leaders in highly industrialised countries often accuse the governments of less-developed countries of practising social dumping in the sense of deliberately neglecting work-place safety legislation, co-determination rights and other fringe benefits which...

This paper analyzes the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the patterns of cyclical dumping (exporting at a price below marginal cost). We consider a global economy where manufacturing is monopolistic-competitive, and productivity is subject to country- specific shocks. Labor is risk...

We argue that the rise of antidumping protection and the proliferation of voluntary export restraints are fundamentally inter-related. We show that both can be explained by a cost-based definition of dumping when the domestic government has incomplete information about the foreign firm's costs....

The production of illicit drugs contributes to important environmental harms. In the European context, the production of synthetic drugs, particularly MDMA and amphetamine (and more recently methamphetamine), increasingly poses environmental challenges. The production of these substances in...

Business representatives and union leaders in highly industrialised countries often accuse the governments of less-developed countries of practising social dumping in the sense of deliberately neglecting work-place safety legislation, co-determination rights and other fringe benefits which...

This paper examines which types of firms, from a developed country (DC) or a less developed country (LDC), tend to practice dumping, using a two-market equilibrium analysis of trade in "like" products. Specifically, we present a vertical product differentiation model of duopolistic competition...

The European Union is dumping its goods on world markets, especially in the UK, because the euro is a structurally undervalued currency. First, the euro is an ‘incomplete' currency. Unlike every other currency, there is no single sovereign standing behind it. Each member state of the Eurozone...

Capital market is a place to trade and invest in financial instruments. Stock prices are affected by the demand and supply of the stocks. Usually, valuation of stocks are done through financial reports, business news, and financial performance of public companies. But recently, there is a way to...

This paper extends the conventional literature on strategic trade policy in reciprocal dumping model to the context that involves market demand uncertainty and incomplete information. In order to highlight the role of uncertainty and incomplete information, a simple scenario with linear...

Currency devaluation resembles subsidy and dumping in terms of its impact on global trade – it grants price advantages to exporting companies. Unlike subsidy and dumping, however, multilateral regulation of currency manipulation, which is principally exercised by the IMF, is far from...

The surge of interest in cryptocurrencies has been accompanied by a proliferation of fraud. This paper examines pump and dump schemes. The recent explosion of nearly 2,000 cryptocurrencies in an unregulated environment has expanded the scope for abuse. We quantify the scope of cryptocurrency...

A hot issue in trade negotiations concerns the existence of stateowned firms and state subsidies. Disputes between the US and the EU and the issue of the recognition of the status of a market economy to China are often the epitome of that. In Germany the giant Volkswagen is state controlled, in...

"Economic Effects of Antidumping is an invaluable book that reviews many of the key developments in the economic analysis of antidumping law over the past 25 years. Thomas Prusa was one of the earliest economists to examine the economics of antidumping and its consequences, and this volume...

The Appellate Body (AB) in US – Washing Machines clarified the concept of targeted dumping and the way to apply the pertinent part of Article 2.4.2. Above all, by limiting the applicable scope for the second sentence of Article 2.4.2 to ‘pattern transactions' which consist of only low-priced...

Targeted dumping now seems to be a normal part of the United States anti-dumping investigations. While the United States has stopped invoking the zeroing in all review proceedings as well as in original investigations, however, it continues to use the zeroing practice for the ‘weighted average...

The WTO Appellate Body report United States – Certain Methodologies and Their Application to Anti-Dumping Proceedings Involving China is yet another in a long line of disputes involving U.S. Department of Commerce's dumping margin calculation methodologies. The AB ruled against the United...

There is a growing controversy on the expiry of the provisions on the special treatment of China for anti-dumping purposes in its Protocol of Accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). Actually, there is no legal basis in the Protocol for the continuing application of such special...

We analyze a rationale for official authorization of patient dumping in the prospective payment policy framework. We show that when the insurer designs the healthcare payment policy to let hospitals dump high-cost patients, there is a trade-off between the disutility of dumped patients (changes...

This paper reviews several International Trade Commission antidumping cases involving Korean computer chips from a law and economics perspective. Part I reviews and analyzes the controversy. Part II points out some of the most serious problems with the current United States antidumping policy....

Recommended readings (Machine generated): 1. James Brander and Paul Krugman (1983), 'A "Reciprocal Dumping" Model of International Trade', Journal of International Economics, 15 (3-4), November, 313-21 -- 2. Wilfred J. Ethier (1982), 'Dumping', Journal of Political Economy, 90 (3), June, 487-506...

The majority of the world's countries have antidumping (AD) statutes in place, hundreds of AD actions occur annually across these countries, and AD criteria and procedures have been codified in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and its successor, the World Trade Organization. AD's...

We model “dumping” as price discrimination assuming profit maximization by Korean firms prior to OECD and WTO membership. We show that the ratio of domestic prices, PD, to export prices, PX, can be derived from domestic and export price-cost margins. Accounting mismeasurements of costs...

Central America is an interesting region for developing business. The closeness to South and North America make the isthmus a strategic region for growth. Guatemala, a Central American country, is seen as an emerging economy with the capacity of growth and expansion. The cement industry is now...

Household waste generated is often uncolleted in rural areas causing various types of pollution like: air and water pollution, soil pollution and the aesthetic degradation of the landscape. The environmental legislation proposed by the European Union was transposed on the national legislation...

Lack of waste management facilities from mountain region often lead to uncontrolled disposal of waste on river banks polluting the local environment and damaging the tourism potential. Geographical conditions influences the distribution of human settlements which are located along the rivers and...

The majority of the world's countries have antidumping (AD) statutes in place, hundreds of AD actions occur annually across these countries, and AD criteria and procedures have been codified in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and its successor, the World Trade Organization. AD's...

This paper estimates the impact of economic conditions in foreign industries on the filing of antidumping petitions by US industries and the US government's decision in preliminary and final antidumping investigations. Exploiting cross-country variation in economic shocks in manufacturing, I...