This paper provides a general theoretical framework that captures the essential features of a Swedish reform where private and public health care providers serve patients with certain functional impairments. Because providers receive a fixed hourly compensation for their services (identical...

This paper investigates the relationship between entry, demand, and dumping in the context of a two country Ricardian model of international trade. Dumping - the export of goods at a price below average cost - can arise in the free trade equilibrium if the two countries differ in their initial...

We argue that the rise of antidumping protection and the proliferation of voluntary export restraints are fundamentally inter-related. We show that both can be explained by a cost-based definition of dumping when the domestic government has incomplete information about the foreign firm's costs....

This paper examines which types of firms, from a developed country (DC) or a less developed country (LDC), tend to practice dumping, using a two-market equilibrium analysis of trade in "like" products. Specifically, we present a vertical product differentiation model of duopolistic competition...

This paper analyzes the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the patterns of cyclical dumping (exporting at a price below marginal cost). We consider a global economy where manufacturing is monopolistic-competitive, and productivity is subject to country- specific shocks. Labor is risk...

The production of illicit drugs contributes to important environmental harms. In the European context, the production of synthetic drugs, particularly MDMA and amphetamine (and more recently methamphetamine), increasingly poses environmental challenges. The production of these substances in...

This paper extends the conventional literature on strategic trade policy in reciprocal dumping model to the context that involves market demand uncertainty and incomplete information. In order to highlight the role of uncertainty and incomplete information, a simple scenario with linear...

Currency devaluation resembles subsidy and dumping in terms of its impact on global trade – it grants price advantages to exporting companies. Unlike subsidy and dumping, however, multilateral regulation of currency manipulation, which is principally exercised by the IMF, is far from...

A hot issue in trade negotiations concerns the existence of stateowned firms and state subsidies. Disputes between the US and the EU and the issue of the recognition of the status of a market economy to China are often the epitome of that. In Germany the giant Volkswagen is state controlled, in...

"Economic Effects of Antidumping is an invaluable book that reviews many of the key developments in the economic analysis of antidumping law over the past 25 years. Thomas Prusa was one of the earliest economists to examine the economics of antidumping and its consequences, and this volume...

The Appellate Body (AB) in US – Washing Machines clarified the concept of targeted dumping and the way to apply the pertinent part of Article 2.4.2. Above all, by limiting the applicable scope for the second sentence of Article 2.4.2 to ‘pattern transactions' which consist of only low-priced...

Targeted dumping now seems to be a normal part of the United States anti-dumping investigations. While the United States has stopped invoking the zeroing in all review proceedings as well as in original investigations, however, it continues to use the zeroing practice for the ‘weighted average...

The EU—Fatty Alcohols decision of the Appellate Body addressed an important issue of the scope of permissible adjustments under Article 2.4 of the Agreement on Interpretation of Article VI of the GATT 1994, focusing on the “mark-up” paid by an Indonesian exporter to a related company as a...

There is a growing controversy on the expiry of the provisions on the special treatment of China for anti-dumping purposes in its Protocol of Accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). Actually, there is no legal basis in the Protocol for the continuing application of such special...

This paper reviews several International Trade Commission antidumping cases involving Korean computer chips from a law and economics perspective. Part I reviews and analyzes the controversy. Part II points out some of the most serious problems with the current United States antidumping policy....

Recommended readings (Machine generated): 1. James Brander and Paul Krugman (1983), 'A "Reciprocal Dumping" Model of International Trade', Journal of International Economics, 15 (3-4), November, 313-21 -- 2. Wilfred J. Ethier (1982), 'Dumping', Journal of Political Economy, 90 (3), June, 487-506...

Central America is an interesting region for developing business. The closeness to South and North America make the isthmus a strategic region for growth. Guatemala, a Central American country, is seen as an emerging economy with the capacity of growth and expansion. The cement industry is now...

The majority of the world's countries have antidumping (AD) statutes in place, hundreds of AD actions occur annually across these countries, and AD criteria and procedures have been codified in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and its successor, the World Trade Organization. AD's...

The majority of the world's countries have antidumping (AD) statutes in place, hundreds of AD actions occur annually across these countries, and AD criteria and procedures have been codified in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and its successor, the World Trade Organization. AD's...

We model “dumping” as price discrimination assuming profit maximization by Korean firms prior to OECD and WTO membership. We show that the ratio of domestic prices, PD, to export prices, PX, can be derived from domestic and export price-cost margins. Accounting mismeasurements of costs...

This paper estimates the impact of economic conditions in foreign industries on the filing of antidumping petitions by US industries and the US government's decision in preliminary and final antidumping investigations. Exploiting cross-country variation in economic shocks in manufacturing, I...

Cover -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: From integration to fragmentation? The late and incorrect transposition of the EU directives -- Abstract -- Integration through the EU legislation -- Obligations imposed on the Member States -- Transposition delay and compliance deficit -- Concluding remarks -...

In 1993, the WTO negotiations to create a working group of experts from the Max Planck Institute (Germany), proposed the establishment of an International Antitrust Code. This code was intended to pursue the creation of a competition laws based on a "minimum standard", the substantive...

Antes que china se adhiriera a la OMC México adopto cuotas compensatorias a diversos productos chinos con el fin de proteger a los sectores mas vulnerables frente a la competencia desleal de china, dichas cuotas fueron impugnadas con el ingreso de china a dicho organismo internacional en el...

Según el artículo 28 de la ley de comercio exterior dicta que una práctica desleal de comercio exterior es la importación de mercancías en condiciones de discriminación de precios o subvenciones en el país exportador ya sea de origen o de procedencia, los cuales puedan causar daño a...

In several countries, public healthcare providers purchase services from private providers to shorten waiting times. Some private providers in turn combine public service with practice in their own facilities. According to the existing literature, they are viewed as cream-skimming profitable...

The last two decades have witnessed that countries across the world are guided by the rules and regulations of multilateral trading institutions (for example, World Trade organization [WTO], International Monetary Fund [IMF]) in order to promote free and fair trade through gradual reduction in...

The eastern enlargement of the European Union has prompted heated debates about social dumping related to labour standards and industrial relations. Capital mobility is seen as a crucial social dumping mechanism. The article uses time-series-cross-section data for the years 1999–2008 to...

Despite its widespread use in popular discourse, the term ‘social dumping' remains poorly defined and thus subject to misconceptions or conscious abuse. This paper reviews recent public debates and academic studies on real or perceived social dumping threats, drawing attention to the...