The extent of social and economic issues has an impact on current society, and ways of solving them reflect not only on social policy but also on results of economic policies. The paper aims to evaluate the effects of social protection expenditures/benefits in relation to selected socio-economic...

This Technical Report documents the construction and coverage of the IWH European Real Estate Index (EREI). Since 2018, we have used machine-learning methods to collect monthly listings of residential real estate available for sale or rent in up to 20 European countries. The Technical Report...

As part of the green transition, the European cap-and-trade scheme for CO2 emissions will be extended to cover consumer durables. We propose a New Keynesian model that features both, "brown" and "green" durable goods and show that if monetary policy follows a business-as-usual approach, the...

Central banks can play a key role in the change in finance needed for the green transition, but green central bank measures may also have an impact on the general public's trust in the institution. Trust, in turn, is crucial for central banks to successfully conduct monetary policy. The...

We provide a critical analysis of the adoption of the US "top-five model" by European economics academia. This model prioritizes publications in five elite journals, heavily influencing the career trajectories of doctoral students and researchers. It highlights the inefficiencies and social...

The main challenge in high-skilled immigration is to make Europe sufficiently attractive. Employers should be trusted to evaluate who is qualified to work in non-regulated professions. Migration Partnerships ease low-skilled labor migration and help combat irregular migration. Distributing...

Migration poses both an opportunity and a challenge for the EU, as it offers a solution to labor shortages and demographic imbalances, but also creates social and economic pressure. A fairer distribution of refugees among EU member states, considering age and education level, can optimize labor...

This paper examines the effect of green investments on market power. I measure the market power as markup following the method provided in De Loecker and Warzynski (2012). For green investments, I consider specifically the investments of firms in energy efficient technologies, both as the binary...

The labour market integration of migrants is a heavily politicised topic in Europe. Using detailed and recently updated data on migrant's motivations this paper places a much needed emphasis upon the heterogeneity of migrant groups and the pathways to their labour market integration. We focus on...

Workers have the right to take up any job offer in their country of citizenship but not to rent out that right. This paper shows that relaxing this restriction using a two-sided competitive market in work permits can provide a basic income guarantee for workers in migration-destination...

This paper investigates how an increase in military expenditures affects an economy. It is written in the context of rising geopolitical tensions that have spurred increased military spending in the United States, Europe, and other economic areas. It draws on a large literature in...

By affecting prices and thereby market shares of green and brown firms, product innovations and process innovations influence industry emissions even when they do not directly affect the emission intensity of the innovating firm. Using a differentiated two-stage duopoly, this paper therefore...

The green transition of the EU economy will require substantial investment to 2030 and beyond. Estimates of green investment needs vary between institutions and are surrounded by high uncertainty, but they all point to a requirement for faster and more ambitious action. Green investment will...

This paper explores the global economic and climate spillovers of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), leveraging exogenous variations in carbon prices identified through a carbon policy surprise series. Findings reveal that higher EU carbon prices lead to significant and...

Governments across the globe are implementing stricter environmental policies to combat climate change and promote sustainability. This study contributes to the growing literature exploring the influence of environmental policy on skill-biased employment across various occupations. Specifically,...

The "SMEs Twin Transition" monitor evaluates the readiness for the digital and environmental transitions of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) across the European Union. The monitor encompasses three sub-indices: Digital SMEs, Environmental SMEs, and Resilience Capabilities. Results show a...

This report outlines the design of a monitoring framework for the EU's 2017 One Health Action Plan against Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and the 2023 Council Recommendation on stepping up EU actions to combat antimicrobial resistance in a One Health approach. The framework is designed to...

This document presents the main report of the study 'Impact of gender equality plans across the European Research Area'. It analyses recent key policy developments regarding gender equality plans (GEPs) in research and innovation (R&I) organisations at the EU, national and institutional levels....

As the amended ECDC Founding Regulation and the Regulation on serious cross-border threats to health (SCBTH Regulation) came into force in December 2022, the ECDC long-term Strategy 2021-2027 has been adapted to incorporate new and extended tasks of the Centre's strengthened mandate. 2025 will...