This chapter provides new evidence on educational inequality and reviews the literature on the causes and consequences of unequal education. We document large achievement gaps between children from different socio-economic backgrounds, show how patterns of educational inequality vary across...

Using a unique corporate loans dataset for entrepreneurs with small and microenterprises, this paper examines how educational attainment affects bank credit decisions and subsequent individual and firm outcomes. Our results highlight a "Matthew Effect," where an initial advantage is...

We study the effect of exposure to colonial public primary education on contemporary education outcomes in Tunisia. We assemble a new data set on the location of schools with the number of pupils by origin, along with population data during the French protectorate (1881-1956). We match those...

Fiscal externalities arise if subsidies to higher education raise future net fiscal revenues. We investigate in which countries fiscal externalities provide a justification for increasing subsidies to higher education. First, we show that the marginal fiscal recovery rate, i.e. the ratio of the...

Education spending is the second-largest element of public service spending in the UK behind health, representing about £99 billion in 2020-21 in today's prices or about 4.5% of national income. To make efficient and equitable policy choices, it is crucial to have a clear, consistent picture of...

After being sued for inequity and inadequacy in school funding, many states have reformed their education aid policies. Using Connecticut as an example, this paper shows how to design a state education aid formula that can effectively address funding inequity and inadequacy while taking...

This paper analyzes higher education funding in Germany from a distributional perspective. For this, I first compare the quantitative importance of different funding instruments, from free tuition to subsidized health insurance for students. I show that free tuition is, by far, the most...

Remittances from overseas can encourage human capital investment and improve educational outcomes in developing countries. Empirical studies, however, have shown mixed evidence at best. This paper uses a 5-year panel dataset that tracks the same 3,000 households and 8,000 individuals through...

We quantify the effect of school voucher spending on initial earnings. We use administrative data on the monetary resources received by schools from a targeted voucher program implemented in Chile. We merge this dataset with education and labor market administrative records for the universe of...

Our paper provides some of the first evidence on the effect of the Head Start funding expansions on program inputs. We take advantage of the county-year variation in funding increases that were implemented due to a number of legislated policy changes in the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s....

We analyse the effects of a national student finance reform in the Netherlands, which replaced universal subsidies for higher education students by low-interest loans. We show that this reform had a large impact on education choices of secondary school students, lowering their enrolments in...

This paper analyzes whether and how the ASEAN Work Plan on Education 2016–2020 promotes investment in education in the ASEAN Member States, focusing on three main areas: inclusive education, cross-border education programs, and ICT capacity building.

The purpose of this paper is to find the relationship between public expenditure in the educational sector and the economic growth in Indonesia since the government decided to spend 20% of the state budget on education. We used time series data from 1988 to 2018 and the Cobb-Douglas production...

This paper sheds light on an important causality which is of primary interest for policy makers, both at country level as well as broad institutional level, though it is largely ignored in the literature. Using panel data from a diversified group of countries and after controlling for various...

In 2013 the responsibility for school governance and funding has been transferred from local governments to a central government agency in Hungary. The key objectives of this reform, as stated by policy makers, was to mitigate interjurisdictional inequalities in education. This paper explores...

This paper analyzes higher education funding in Germany from a distributional perspective. For this, I first compare the quantitative importance of different funding instruments, from free tuition to subsidized health insurance for students. I show that free tuition is, by far, the most...

This paper is exploratory in nature, and has the objective of examining the determinants of educational effectiveness as a pathway to identifying how countries should allocate public spending on education. The paper is based on a review of extant literature and analysis of statistics on...

This paper is exploratory in nature, and has the objective of examining the determinants of educational effectiveness as a pathway to identifying how countries should allocate public spending on education. The paper is based on a review of extant literature and analysis of statistics on...

In many OECD countries, changes in demography and health conditions are putting pressure on public finance. To prevent further expansion of government spending as a percentage of GDP, public spending efficiency will need to be raised. This paper uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to assess the...

Countries invest in basic education to provide their citizens with the means to acquire the foundations for building human capital. Countries with good school education systems provide equity of access, id est, encourage all children, irrespective of gender, household income, and geographical...

Indonesia's most recent amendment to its decentralization legislation transferred a far greater role in education management and service delivery to subnational governments. However, little information has been made available on how subnational governments conduct the planning, allocation, and...

Purpose: To this thesis is analyzed the impact factor of education to the public sector and tax system, through a procedure of theoretical and mathematical analysis, a quantification method, an econometric method and behavioral scrutiny by a real case scenario. This work compares the cycle of...

Looking at the decentralized provision of public education in a middle-income country, this paper estimates the impact of local autonomy on service quality, finding large heterogeneity in the effect across different levels of local development. In the year 2002, Colombian municipalities were...

In this paper, we analyze how a weighted voting system introduced in 1862, which shifted the distribution of political power from landowners to industrialists at local town meetings, affected investments in local public education. We use an event study design based on a newly constructed panel...