The immigrant population increased by 32 million in 37 European countries from 1990-2019. Much of this movement was internal, from east to west Europe. Although both the destination and origin countries could be affected, we find no effects on aggregate subjective well-being in either group,...

The 1924 Immigration Act excluded immigrants from economically developing countries to the point of their near total exclusion. Forty years later, the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act eliminated most discriminatory county-of-origin barriers. America's doors opened and immigration from...

Fueling debates about the "quality" of immigrants from economically developing countries, empirical studies based on a well-respected methodology conclude that post-1965 immigrant men have low initial earnings and sluggish earnings growth. This methodology is based on flawed assumptions (Duleep,...

The objective of this assessment is to identify gender and social inclusion gaps with respect to equitable access to clean and modern energy in the Horn of Africa (HoA) borderlands, specifically in Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, and Sudan. It examines the differences in the...

We evaluate a labor market integration program that fast-tracked asylum seekers into the Italian labor market through personalized job mentoring, placement assistance, and on-the-job training. Leveraging randomized assignment across reception centers and individual-level administrative records,...

The World Bank commits to removing barriers to inclusive education so that the right to education may be upheld for all children and youth, including learners from poorer households and/or rural and remote communities, persons with disabilities, ethnic- and linguistic minorities, Indigenous...

This report provides a better understanding of ways in which to address the gender and social dimensions of climate change in key sectors of the Tajik economy. It focuses on the impact of climate change on vulnerable groups, particularly on women and girls, youth, persons with disabilities, and...

The guide is structured into three main sections: guidance notes. This section acts as a primer, offering clear, concise, and practical information on policy and process issues related to refugee inclusion. It discusses the why of inclusion, highlighting the benefits for both refugees and host...

We document substantial heterogeneity in labor market integration, skill investments, and outmigration across immigrant admission categories. Using newly available data on residence permits in Finland, we establish four facts. First, there are large initial differences in employment and earnings...

The key drivers of wellbeing are not solely economic factors. Other factors, such as social relationships, environmental conditions, and access to social and healthcare systems, also play a significant role. Wellbeing in the EU has increased over the past decade, but it varies across Member...

European refugee management is undertaking efforts in response to the largest migration crisis in Europe since WWII, caused by Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. During the period between February 24, 2022 and January 10, 2023, nearly eight million people fled Ukraine, seeking...

Although we recognise 'Roma' as an umbrella term, throughout this report, we refer to 'Travellers' and 'Roma' to clearly identify the distinct situations, identities, and experiences of the Traveller and Roma communities in Ireland. The 2022 Census records that there are 16,059 Roma living in...

The main strengths of the NRSF include its continuity as a dedicated national strategy for Roma inclusion, ensuring financial commitment and policy focus on key areas such as education, housing, and employment. Additionally, the increasing involvement of Roma organisations in advocacy and...

The study showcases how EU cities and regions put into practice innovative solutions to address diverse challenges in receiving, protecting and integrating unaccompanied migrant and refugee minors. While migration procedures and decisions generally fall under the competence of national...

This report discusses the progress and challenges in implementing the Austrian Roma Strategy focusing on the equality, inclusion, and participation of Roma communities. Positive steps have been made, such as studies, anti-discrimination reports, and various activities focused on Roma inclusion....

While the NRSF has introduced more robust governance structures and requires municipalities with Roma populations to prepare Local Action Plans (LAPs), its implementation remains patchy. Many municipalities have yet to finalise or adequately fund LAPs, and those submitted often lack clear...

Sinti and Roma continue to experience pervasive patterns of antigypsyism and discrimination across all aspects of life, including education, employment, housing, and interactions with police and public authorities. The rise of right-wing extremism, including within political party systems, is...

This report presents civil society findings on the implementation of Lithuania's National Roma Strategic Framework (NRSF), namely the Roma Integration Plan 2022-2023 (NRSF 2022-2023) and the Roma Inclusion Action Plan 2024-2030 (NRSF (2024-2030). The report recognises limited systemic progress...

In practical terms, the implementation of the Bulgarian National Roma Strategic Framework (NRSF) has progressed in a limited manner. Changes in the NRCP were introduced, but they did not strengthen its limited mandate, responsibilities and human capacity. The regulatory power of the new strategy...

This study investigates the economic welfare of refugees and host communities in Kenya, utilizing bi-monthly panel data collected from May 2020 to May 2022. The analysis employs a fixed effect model, which effectively captures the nuances of welfare differences between urban and camp refugees....

This policy note focuses on the welfare impact of the cost-of-living crisis across EU countries, regions, and sub-populations. The COVID-19 crisis and the spillovers from the war in Ukraine have had asymmetric effects both across and within countries depending on household characteristics and...

A new ESRI study, commissioned by Pobal, examines socioeconomic conditions across communities in Ireland. Using Census data, the study examines how potential barriers to social inclusion have changed over time and if disadvantaged communities are particularly adversely affected. Findings from...

We study an active labor market program aimed at immigrants with very limited language skills. The program consists of a three-month on-the-job training program in a regular workplace, facilitated by bilingual caseworkers speaking the participant's native language. The aim of the program is to...

This report accompanies the launch of an updated version, v3, of the GLOBALCIT Citizenship Law Dataset. The Dataset includes information on the citizenship laws in 191 countries in the period 2020 to 2024 and longitudinal data on global dual citizenship acceptance since 1960. After introducing...

This report explores the business case for diversity and inclusion (D&I) in the workplace and assesses the impact of Diversity Charters and the EU Platform of Diversity Charters. The study highlights the benefits of D&I across various dimensions, including recruitment, retention, performance,...

This report explores the business case for diversity and inclusion (D&I) in the workplace and assesses the impact of Diversity Charters and the EU Platform of Diversity Charters. The study highlights the benefits of D&I across various dimensions, including recruitment, retention, performance,...

Attitudes and perceptions regarding refugees and migrants play a vital role in the integration potential of newcomers and reflect policies and policy changes. This paper investigates how the exposure of urban communities to the presence of refugees and migrants in their local neighbourhoods...

This paper examines the horizontal transmission of gender norms using the forced migration of ethnic Turks from Bulgaria to Türkiye after the fall of the Iron Curtain as a natural experiment. Despite shared linguistic and religious ties, migrant women held more progressive gender norms and...