Since the deregulation of electricity markets in the 1990s, U.S. power grids have witnessed the creation of an increasingly diverse suite of financial instruments designed to mitigate risks caused by underlying generation and consumption patterns. However, the nature of risks is shifting rapidly...

Kenya has one of the fastest electrification rates in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the increase in electrification rates, rural and underserved regions remain a critical challenge requiring a cost-effective strategy that maximises the use of stand-alone and off-grid solutions. This paper uses the...

China's pursuit of carbon neutrality will entail a transformation of its power generation portfolio through extensive investment in renewable energy, underscoring the need for expanding planning and operating reserves to maintain power system reliability. However, efficient reserve management is...

The Value of Lost Load (VoLL) is a key metric in electricity system planning and market design, informing reliability assessments, scarcity pricing, and capacity remuneration mechanisms. This study conducts a comprehensive review of VoLL estimation methods and identifies the most appropriate...

The UK has committed to ambitious targets for clean power. A key constraint in achieving these targets is how quickly renewable energy generators can connect to the transmission network. To address this, new policies (including CNDM, SSEP, and the CP30 Action Plan) are being introduced to reform...

Chronic electricity shortages constrain growth and welfare in many developing countries, where load shedding rations demand. Intermittent renewables can ease shortages, but their effects depend on how infeed timing aligns with scarcity. Using high-frequency data from South Africa and an...

India has achieved near-universal electrification, yet large inequalities persist in the reliability of the electricity supply. Combining high-resolution satellite-based measures of electricity reliability - defined as the share of nights with detectable illumination - with village-level census...

Locational marginal pricing (LMP) provides efficient locational dispatch and investment signals but requires a complementary congestion hedging instrument to function effectively. This paper investigates how exposure to locational price differences is managed in North American nodal electricity...

We estimate the economic consequences of electricity blackout scenarios on the automotive industry and the Slovak economy. Our estimates of inoperability of the automotive sector range from 2.9 % to 4.2 % across regions on the first day of the blackout, while the overall inoperability of the...

With the liberalization of the electricity markets in 1998, Germany opted for a single, nationwide wholesale price. Regional differences in supply and demand are not taken into account. In the event of grid congestion, electricity generators are paid to adjust their output. This leads to rising...

Power transmission systems are emerging as one of the most vulnerable parts of the power sector as climate change intensifies the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme weather events and multiplies system-wide risks. Following the first in a three-part series on the global stocktaking of...

Embedded storage capacity in South Africa has rapidly increased between 2022 and 2024 as residential consumers and telecommunication companies installed storage to mitigate the impact of frequent interruptions to the electricity supply. These interruptions, caused by unreliable generation...

In the last decades, the governance of national electricity systems in Europe has experienced several shifts between market liberalization and policy intervention. However, there remains a lack of consistent evidence about impacts of electricity market governance on the performance of...

Distribution grids are critical for the energy transition: with the majority of future assets to be connected at the distribution-grid level, the decentralization and decarbonization of the energy system depend on strong and future-ready electricity distribution networks. This study gathers and...

Access to electricity is the lifeblood of modern society. Electricity grids are undergoing transformative changes, driven mainly by decarbonization, decentralization and the integration of variable renewables. Transmission System Operators (TSOs) face increasing pressures from these changes, yet...

This document provides recommendations for the statistical recording of capacity allocation and balancing markets, which are crucial for addressing deviations between supply and demand in electricity markets. It also includes guidance on transactions related to the electricity congestion income...

We set up a static model of electricity provision in which delivery to consumers is only imperfectly reliable. Blackouts can be either rolling or systemic; in both cases a price cap becomes active on the wholesale market. We show that for any given value of the price cap, one can decentralize...

This paper proposes a game-theoretic model to analyze the strategic behavior of inc-dec gaming in market-based congestion management (redispatch). We extend existing models by considering incomplete information about competitors’ costs and a finite set of providers. We find that inc-dec gaming...

Electrification is a primary strategy to achieve carbon neutrality. The expected surge in future electricity demand by battery electric vehicle (BEV) necessitates the reinforcement and construction of transmission and distribution (T&D) network. This study aims to evaluate the spatial...

The rapid growth of photovoltaic (PV) systems in Austria's medium- and low-voltage grids has intensified challenges in grid access, with technical limits increasingly leading to restrictions on full feed-in power. This issue has sparked discussions about limiting PV feed-in power and the...

Energy losses, both technical and non-technical, are incurred during the transfer of electrical energy from the power plant to the customer. Technical energy losses are evident since they result from the properties of materials. Detecting non-technical energy losses is challenging due to their...

This document provides recommendations for the statistical recording of capacity allocation and balancing markets, which are crucial for addressing deviations between supply and demand in electricity markets. It also includes guidance on transactions related to the electricity congestion income...

The following guidelines are primarily aimed for public authorities and intend to provide recommendations and examples of good practices that these authorities can consider when setting up tenders for publicly accessible EV recharging infrastructure. While the onus of responsibility for ensuring...

Electrification typically promotes economic development and enhances household wellbeing. However, how electrification affects the economic activities of different demographic groups is not yet sufficiently understood. Focusing only on aggregate household-level outcomes may overlook unequal...